Epic史诗（英国文学）
Epic:a long and narrative poem written in an elevated style that recounts the adventures of a hero of almost mythic proportions,who often embodies the traits of a nation or people.Epics typically share a wide variety of characteristics:1)the protagonist is a hero of great stature and significance with the two troditional virtues of braverty and wisdom;2)the setting is on a grand and vast scale;3)the action requires noble,fantastic,and even superhuman actions;4)the entire epic is written in an elevated style.
这是我们英国文学老师给的标准史诗的定义 特点、 内容和反应的思想都包括在内了
代表诗人有英国史诗作家沃尔特 司各特的艾凡赫
还有英国著名的史诗贝奥武夫
还有约翰 弥尔顿的失乐园 复乐园 力士参孙
希望能帮到你~
外国文学试题：狄更斯创作成就
19世纪英国批判现实主义小说家。狄更斯特别注意描写生活在英国社会底层的“小人物”的生活遭遇，深刻地反映了当时英国复杂的社会现实，为英国批判现实主义文学的开拓和发展做出了卓越的贡献。他的作品至今依然盛行，对英国文学发展起到了深远的影响。主要作品《匹克威克外传》、《雾都孤儿》 、《老古玩店》、《艰难时世》、《我们共同的朋友》。
狄更斯经常被说成是伟大的幽默家，但更重要的是文学上伟大的革新家。
他描写为数众多的中、下层社会的小人物，这在文学作品中是空前的。他以高度的艺术概括、生动的细节描写、妙趣横生的幽默和细致入微的一fi，理分析，塑造了许多令人难忘的形象，真实地反映了英国19世纪初叶的社会面貌，具有巨大的感染力和认识价值，并形成了他的独特风格。他反映生活广泛、多样，开掘深而有力。他不采用说教或概念化的方式表现他的倾向性，而往往以生动的艺术形象激发读者的愤慨、憎恨、同情和热爱。他笔下的人物火多有鲜明的个性。他善于运用艺术夸张的手法突出人物形象的某些特征，用他们习惯的动作、姿势和用语等揭示他们的内心生活和思想面貌。他还善于从生活中汲取生动的人民的语言，以人物特有的语言表现人物的特点和性格。狄更斯的创作具有浓重的浪漫主义气息，他所描写的事物似乎也都是有某种能与人物的感情、气质相契合的“灵性”，增强了作品的感染力。
狄更斯的文学成就对世界文学的影响是巨大的。他的作品很早就被介绍到中国。1908年林纾与魏易同译了《块肉余生述》（即《大卫。科波菲尔》）、《贼史》（即《奥列佛‘特维斯特》）和《孝女耐儿传》（即《老古玩店》）。此后，又陆续翻译出版了狄更斯的多种重要作品，受到广大读者的喜爱。狄更斯在创作中表现的人道主义与社会批判精神以及艺术技巧，对中国现代小说创作有很大的影响
外国文学史的试题
一、单项选择题1．至18世纪仍然影响欧洲文学的一个重要因素是（ ）。 A．古希腊文学 B．中世纪文学 所开创的传统是（ ）。 A．现实主义传统 B．浪漫主义传统 C．讽刺传统 D．空想社会主义传统6．代表英国18世纪现实主义最高成就的小说是（ ）。 A．《鲁滨逊漂流记》 B．《格利佛游记》 C．《克拉丽莎》 D．《汤姆·琼斯》》 B. 布莱克的《经济之歌》和《天真之歌》 C. 瓦尔蒲的《奥特朗图堡》 D. 布莱克的《经济之歌》8．诗句“再来干一杯上等美酒，再来干一杯上等美酒，无论我们到哪儿寻找快乐快乐总在那儿等候”的作者是（ ）。 A．拜伦 B．雪莱 C．彭斯 D．济慈9． 18世纪哲理小说的开创性作品是（ ）。 A．《波斯人信札》 B．《老实人》 C．《天真汉》 D．《拉摩的侄儿》10．“种我们的园地要紧”的名言，表现了新兴资产阶级的进取精神．这句名言出自一部小说的结尾。这部小说是（ ）。 A．《天真汉》 B．《老实人》 C．《波斯人信札》 D．《爱弥儿》11． 被恩格斯称之为“辨证法的杰作”的作品是（ ）。 A．《修女》 B．《拉摩的侄儿》 C．《宿命论者雅克》 D．《天真汉》12．《新爱洛德丝》的作者是（ ）。 A．狄德罗 B．卢梭 C．孟德斯鸠 D．伏尔泰13．《少年维特的烦恼》的女主人公是（ ）。 A．尤丽 B．苏珊娜 C．绿蒂 D．玛加蕾特14．歌德创作的《浮士德》，从构思到脱稿，前后延续的时间是（ ）。 A．20年 B．40年 C．50年 D．60年15．“要每天每日去开拓生活和自由，然后才能作自由生活的享受“出自一部诗剧，这部诗剧是（ ）。 A．《力士参孙》 B．《浮士德》 C．《普罗米修斯》 D．《阴谋与爱情》二、多项选择题1．18世纪启蒙文学所包括的主要文学有（ ）。 A．法国启蒙运动文学 B．英国现实主义长篇小说 C．德国民族文学 D．俄国自然派文学 E．西班牙流浪汉小说 2．18世纪是个过度世纪 ，各种创作方法在此时都有长足的发展，其中直接成为１９世纪初期浪漫主义的前奏的文学主要有（ ）。 A．英国感伤主义文学 B．歌特式小说 C．前浪漫文学 D．卢梭传统 E．德国的狂飙突进文学3．直接影响19世纪现实主义文学，并为长篇小说的成熟作了最后一次努力的18世纪文学创作传统师（ ）。 A． 卢梭的传统 B．狄德罗传统 C． 菲尔丁传统 D．笛福传统 D．伏尔泰传统4．创立正剧的几位作家是（ ）。 A．法国的狄德罗 B．法国的博马舍 C．德国的莱辛 D．德国的席勒 E．德国的歌德5．法国的哲理小说的主要作品有（ ）。 A．《波斯人信札》 B．《老实人》 C．《新爱洛绮丝》 D．《爱弥儿》 E．《熙德》6．狄德罗的三部哲理小说是（ ）。 A．《新爱洛绮丝》 B．《修女》 C．《拉摩的侄儿》 D．《宿命论者雅克》 E．《天真汉》7．《费加罗的婚姻》的人物有（ ）。 A．阿勒玛维华 B．苏珊娜 B．费加罗 D．拉摩 E．雅克8．勒萨日承袭流浪汉小说传统，广泛的反映社会现实的小说是（ ）。 A．《修女》 B．《吉儿·布拉斯》 C．《瘸腿的魔鬼》 D．《天真汉》 E．《小癞子》9．莱辛是德国民族戏剧、民族文学的奠基人，他“完成了德国文学的转变”。其主要贡献是（ ）。 A．美学理论 B．戏剧理论 C．戏剧作品 D．哲理小说 E．抒情诗 10．狂飙突进运动中的席勒的代表作品是（ ）。 A．《新奥尔良姑娘》 B．《威廉·退尔》 C．《强盗》 D．《阴谋与爱情》 E．《熙德》11．歌德在狂飙突进运动中代表作品是（ ）。 A．《浮士德》 B．《赫尔曼与窦绿苔》 C．《少年维特的烦恼》 D．《铁手骑士葛兹·冯·伯利欣根》 E．《威廉·退尔》12．意大利在18世纪产生的具有世界影响的戏剧大师哥尔多尼，其代表作品是（ ）。 A．《女店主》 B．《一仆二主》 C．《堂·卡洛勒》 D．《美育通信》 E．《暴风雨》
英美文学选读试题及答案
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全国2003年4月高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试题[找答案]
作者：未知 文章来源：互联网 点击数：18 更新时间：2005-11-29
全部题目用英文作答，答案写在答题纸相应的位置上。
PART ONE
Ⅰ.Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)
Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write the answers on the answer sheet.
1. “For a week after the commission of the impious and profane offence of asking for more, Oliver remained a close prisoner in the dark and solitary room ...”(Dickens, Oliver Twist) What did Oliver ask for?
[A]More time to play. [B]More food to eat.
[C]More book to read. [D]More money to spend.
2. Mrs. Warren’s Profession is one of George Bernard Shaw’s plays. What is Mrs. Warren’s profession then ?
[A]Real estate. [B]Prostitution.
[C]House-keeping. [D]Farming.
3. Dr. Faustus is a play based on the German legend of a magician aspiring for
and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.
[A]immortality [B]political
[C]money [D]knowledge
4. The statement “A demanding mother turns away from her husband and gives all her affection to her sons” sums up the main plot of D. H. Lawrence′s .
[A]Lady Chatterley’s Lover [B]Women in love
[C]Sons and Lovers [D]The Plumed Serpent
5.“Come to me－come to me entirely now,” said he ; and added, in his deepest tone, speaking in my ear as his cheek was laid on mine, “Make my happiness－I will make yours.”
The above passage presents a scene in .
[A]Emily Bronte’s Withering Heights
[B]Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre
[C]John Galsworthy′s The Forsyte Saga
[D]Thomas Hardy′s Tess of the D′Urbervilles
6.Which of the following is NOT written by William Butler Yeats?
[A] “Sailing to Byzantium.” [B] “The Lake Isle of Innisfree.”
[C] “Leda and the Swan.” [D] “The Waste Land.”
7. “Drive my dead thought over the universe
Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth.”
(Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Ode to the West Wind”)
What rhetorical device does the poet use in the quoted lines?
[A]Synecdoche. [B]Metaphor.
[C]Simile. [D]Onomatopoeia.
8.Crusoe is the hero in The life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Grusoe, of York, Mariner (also known as Robinson Crusoe)by .
[A]Jonathan Swift [B]Daniel Defoe
[C]George Eliot [D]D.H.Lawrence
9. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is an epigrammatic line by .
[A]John Keats [B]William Blake
[C]William Wordsworth [D]Percy Bysshe Shelley
10.Christoper Marlow’s “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” is a (n) .
[A]pastoral lyric [B]elegy [C]eulogy [D]epic
11.Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance humanism?
[A]Cultivation of the art of this world and this life.
[B]Tolerance of human foibles.
[C]Search for the genuine flavor of ancient culture.
[D]Glorification of religious faith.
12. “In dream vision Arthur witnessed the loveliness of Gloriana, and upon awaking resolves to seek her.” The two literary figures Arthur and Gloriana are form .
[A]Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene
[B]William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet
[C]Christopher Marlowe’s “The Passionate Shepherd to His love”
[D]John Donne’s “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning”
13.Which of the following best describes the nature of Thomas Hardy’s later works?
[A]Sentimentalism. [B]Tragic sense.
[C]Surrealism. [D]Comic sense.
14. “...This grew: I gave commands;
Then all smiles stopped altogether....”
(Robert Browning, “My Last Duchess”)
The above lines imply that .
[A]the Duchess was killed by her husband
[B]the Duchess stopped smiling at her husband’s order
[C]the Duchess died of laughing too much
[D]the Duchess did not want to smile as much as her husband requested
15.In which of the following works can you find the proper names “Lilliput,” “Brobdingnag,” “Houyhnhnm,” and “Yahoo”?
[A]James Joyce’s Ulsses.
[B]Charles Dickens’s Bleak House.
[C]Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels.
[D]D. H. Lawrence’s Women in love.
16.As a literary figure, Belinda appears in Alexander Pope’s .
[A] “The Dunciad” [B] “An Essay on Man”
[C] “An Essay on Criticism” [D] “The Rape of the lock”
17. “The novel is structured around the discovery of the hero’s origin.” This novel is most probably .
[A]Charles Dickens’s David Copperfield
[B]James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
[C]Thomas Hardy’s Far from the Madding Growd
[D]Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones
18. “To wage by force or guile eternal war,
Irreconcilable to our grand Foe.”（John Milton, Paradise lost)
By what means were Satan and his followers to wage this war against God?
[A]By planting a tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden.
[B]By turning into poisonous snakes to threaten man’s life.
[C]By removing God from His throne.
[D]By corrupting man and woman created by God.
19. “When the evening is spread out against the sky
Like a patient etherized upon a table.”
(T. s. Eliot, “The Love song of J. Alfred Prufrock”)
What does the image in the quoted lines suggest?
[A]Violence. [B]Horror. [C]Inactivity. [D]Indifference.
20.Which of the following is NOT typical of metaphysical poetry best represented by John Donne’s works?
[A]Common speech. [B]Conceit.
[C]Argument. [D]Refined language.
21.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all of the following except .
[A]normal contemporary speech patterns
[B]humble and rustic life as subject matter
[C]elegant wording and inflated figures of speech
[D]intensely subjective feeling toward individual experience
22.In Samuel Taylor Coleridge′s “Kubla Khan,” “A sunny pleasure dome with caves of ice” .
[A]refers to the palace where Kubla Khan once lived
[B]vividly describes a building of poor quality
[C]is the gift given to a beautiful girl called Abyssinian
[D]symbolizes the reconciliation of the conscious and the unconscious
23.The hightide of Romanticism in American literature occurred around .
[A]1820 [B]1850 [C]1880 [D]1920
24.The subject matter of Robert Frost’s Poems focuses on .
[A] ordinary country people and scenes
[B]battle scenes of ancient Greek and Roman legends
[C]struggling masses and crowded urban quarters
[D]fantasies and mythical happenings
25.Which group of writers are among those who may be called early pioneers of American literature?
[A]Mark Twain and Henry James.
[B]Fenimore Cooper and Washington lrving.
[C]Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner
[D]Jack London and O’Henry.
26.To Theodore Dreiser, life is “so sad, so strange, so mysterious and so inexplicable.” No wonder the characters in his books are often subject to the control of the natural forces, especially those of and heredity.
[A]fate [B]morality
[C]social conventions [D]environment
27.Hawthorne generally concerns himself with such issues as in his fiction.
[A]the evil in man’s heart [B]the material pursuit
[C]the racial conflict [D]the social inequality
28. provides the main source of influence on American naturalism.
[A]The puritan heritage
[B]Howells’ ideas of realism
[C]Darwin’s theory of evolution
[D]The pioneer spirit of the wild west
29.In Mark Twain’s The Adventures of huckleberry Finn, Huck writes a letter to inform against Jim, the escaped slave, and then he tears the letter up. This fact reveals that .
[A]Huck has a mixed feeling of love and hate
[B]there is a conflict between society and conscience in Huck
[C]Huck is always an indecisive person
[D]Huck has very little education
30.Which terms can best describe the modernists’ concern of the human situation in their fiction?
[A]Fragmentation and alienation.
[B]Courage and honor.
[C]Tradition and faith.
[D]Poverty and desperation.
31.Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features except .
[A]a strict poetic form
[B]a simple and conversational language
[C]a free and natural rhythmic pattern
[D]an easy flow of feelings
32.All his novels reveal that, as time went on, Mark Twain became increasingly .
[A]prolific [B]artistic.
[C]optimistic [D]pessimistic
33.The poem “I like to see it lap the Miles－” is an interesting poem written by Emily Dickinson. What does “it” in the poem stand for?
[A]The hound. [B]The star.
[C]The horse. [D]The train.
34.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Henry James’s writing style?
[A] exquisite and elaborate language
[B]minute and detailed descriptions
[C]lengthy psychological analyses
[D]American colloquialism
35.In the beginning paragraph of Chapter 3, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald describes a big party by saying that “men and girls came and went like moths.” The author most likely indicates that .
[A]there was a crowd of party-goers
[B]such life does not have real meaning
[C]these people were light-hearted
[D]these were crazy and ignorant characters
36.In Hemingway’s “Indian Camp,” Nick, the main character, witnesses
[A]a tragic killing of the Indians by the white men
[B]real friendship between the white men and the Indians
[C]a senseless killing of each other
[D]terrible scenes of birth and death
37.Which one of the following statements is NOT true of William Faulkner?
[A]He is master of stream-of-consciousness narrative.
[B]His writing is often complex and difficult to understand.
[C]He often depicts slum life in New York and Chicago.
[D]He represents a new group of Southern writers.
38.American “Transcendentalists most typically believe that .
[A]man is divine in name [B]art is superior to life
[C]man can transform nature [D]poetry is the highest form of art
39.By the end of Sister Carrie, Dreiser writes, “It was forever to the pursuit of that radiance of delight which tints the distant hilltops of the world.” Dreiser implies that .
[A]there is a bright future lying ahead
[B]there is no end to man’s desire
[C]one should always be forward-looking
[D]happiness is found in the end
40.We can perhaps describe Emily Grierson in Faulkner’s short story “A Rose for Emily” in all the following ways except that .
[A]she is psychologically deformed
[B]she is wicked and morally corrupted
[C]she is a symbol of the Old South
[D]she is a prisoner and victim of the past
PART TWO
Ⅱ.Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)
Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
41. “The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,
And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave.
Awaits the inevitable hour.
The paths of glory lead but to the grave.”
Questions:
A. Identify the author and the title of the poem from which this passage is taken.
B. What does the phrase “inevitable hour” mean?
C. Write out the main idea of the passage in plain English.
42. “A violet by a mossy stone
Half hidden from the eye!
－Fair as a star, when only one
Is shining in the sky.”
Questions:
A. Identify the author and the title of the poem from which this stanza is taken.
B. Pick out the metaphor used in this stanza.
C. What quality does the author intend to show by using the metaphor?
43. “We passed The School, where Children strove
At Recess－in the Ring－
We passed The Fields of Gazing Grain
We passed The Setting Sun－”
Questions:
A. Who is the author of this stanza taken from the poem “Because I could not stop for Death－?
B. What do the underlined parts symbolize?
C. Where were “we” heading toward?
44. “It was you that broke the new wood.
Now is a time for carving.
We have one sap and one root－
Let there be commerce between us.”
Questions:
A. Whom does the “us” refer to?
B. What does the phrase “broke the new wood” mean here?
C. What is the intention of the poet in writing the poem “A Pact” from which these lines are taken?
Ⅲ.Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)
Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
45.In Chapter 15 of Wuthering Heights, Heath cliff said to Catherine: “Why did you betray your own, Cathy?... You loved me－then what right have you to leave me?... I have not broken your heart－you have broken it－and in breaking it, you have broken mine.”
Taking the whole novel into consideration, do you think Heathcliff’s above accusation of Catherine’s betrayal can be justified? If you think so, what reasons does Catherine have to betray Heathcliff and their love?
46.John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress is generally regarded as a religious allegory. What does the work symbolically concern? What is the predominant metaphor that is carried on through the whole work? And what is the author’s purpose in writing such a book?
47. The following passage is taken from The Merchant of Venice. Read it carefully and find the dramatic it contains. Use it as an example to illustrate what dramatic irony is.
“Bassanio: Antonio, I am married to a wife
Which is as dear to me as life itself;
But life itself, my wife, and all world,
Are not with me esteem’d above thy life;
I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all
Here to this devil, to deliver you.
Portia: Your wife would give you little thanks for that,
If she were by to hear you make the offer.”
48. What is the most famous theme in Henry James′s fiction? And what is his favourite approach in characterization, which makes him different from Mark and W. D. Howells as realists? Give two titles of his works in which this theme and this approach are employed.
Ⅳ.Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)
Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
49.In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen explored three kinds of motivations of marriage the middle-class people had in the second half of the 18th century. Try to make a brief discussion about them with specific examples from the novel. Make comments on Austen’s attitude towards these motivations.
50.Retell in a few sentences the story of the last chapter (Ch, 135) “The Chase－Third Day” of Melville’s novel Moby-Dick. Discuss the meaning of the ending of the story.
外国文学试题：名词解释 哲理小说
哲理小说是法国启蒙作家创立的一种新型小说。这种小说虽有人物、情节，但它不注意环境与人物的细致描写，它以人物活动为主线，穿插描写了多方面的内容，把叙事、议论、抒情、讽刺融为一体，表现作家关于政治、法律、道德、文学方面的启蒙观点，富于哲理性。
哲理小说是18世纪启蒙作家创立的一种独特的文学形式。它的目的不在于全面的描写个性和细致的描写历史环境，而在于以具有鲜明的政治倾向性和教诲性的形式，使读者了解作者政治观点和哲学思想。它常常通过传奇的故事来影射、讽刺社会现实，反对封建专制制度，阐明哲理和宣传启蒙思想。其手法灵活多样，语言简洁，生动活泼；但由于忽视典型人物形象的刻画和描写，小说中的主人公往往成为作者哲学思想的代言人，因此作品也就缺乏艺术感染力。如孟德斯鸠的《波斯人信札》、狄德罗《拉摩的侄儿》、伏尔泰的《老实人》、《天真汉》等。
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大一上学期古代文学考试试题
古代文学考试试题
一,先秦文学
1. 《尚书》天命观念的基本内涵和特色是什么
2. 《易经》在以象达意方面有什么特征
3. 《诗三百》在中国诗歌史上的主要意义何在
4. 屈原浪漫主义精神的基本实质是什么
5. 比较《左氏春秋》跟《战国策》的不同特质,并由此检讨学术史上有关《左氏春秋》的认识有什么偏颇.
6. 为什么我们必须从中国学术文化发展的大统中把握《左氏春秋》的性质
7. 把《论语》论说"仁"的片断全部找出来编在一起,由此研讨"仁"的内涵以及孔子思想在这一方面的得失.
8. 由《论语》和《孟子》来看孔子和孟子两个形象的特点及其差异.
9. 《庄子》的浪漫主义精神跟屈原的浪漫主义精神有何本质上的异同
10. 怎样区分《韩非子》的寓言和故事 《韩非子》寓言的特色是什么
秦汉文学
1. 为什么赋这一种文体会在汉代盛行
2. 以《子虚赋》,《上林赋》为例,分析汉大赋的美学价值.
3. 为什么汉初会是一个散文家活跃的时期
4. 《史记》所采用的"互见法"对人物塑造有什么意义
5. 试比较汉乐府民歌与《诗经》中民歌的异同.
6. 试以《古诗十九首》中的一篇作品为例,分析其艺术特色.
7. 分析《古诗十九首》的内容,艺术与中国传统文人生活之间的关系.
魏晋南北朝文学
1, 魏晋南北朝文学在文学史的地位.
2, 魏晋文学与南朝文学在发展上的连续性与变迁之处.
3, 三曹父子个性,思想与文风之比较.
4,阮籍《咏怀诗》卓越的艺术创造及其成因.
5,西晋文学的特点.
6,如何理解玄言诗的出现.
7,如何认识陶渊明的隐逸.
8,为何说谢灵运为山水诗的开创者,谢氏之前山水诗创作的情况.
9,鲍照的寒素意识,才华,遭遇中所反映的社会问题.
10,谢朓与永明诗人群体.
11,宫体诗现象之认识.
12,魏晋南北朝民歌对文人诗的影响.
13,魏晋南北朝小说的在中国古代小说发展史的上地位.