归纳英语中就近原则和就远原则的词组

就近原则：
由下列词语连接的并列主语："there be+句型; or ; either …or；nor; neither…nor；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also" ;等。e68a84e8a2ade799bee5baa6e79fa5e9819331333431363538
例句：
1、What he does or what he says does not concern me.
他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
2、Neither you nor I am wrong .
你和我都没错。
3、Not you but your father is to blame.
不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。
4、Not only you but(also) he is wrong.
不仅你错了，他也错了。
就远原则：
由 or，not only … but also …， either … or …， neither … nor …，not … but …等连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据就近原则来确定。
例句
1、Nobody but two students is in the classroom.除了这两个学生，没有人在教室
2、Everybody except you is down on me. 除了你，大家都看不起我。
3、A woman with two children has come. 一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。
4、John, rather than his roommates, is to blame. 约翰，而不是他的室友，应该受到责备。

扩展资料：
就近原则和就远原则的注意点：
1、在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
2、在定语从句中，关系代词作主语的时候，它的谓语动词要与它所指的先行词保持一致。
3、在强调句中，连接代词作主语时，应该与被强调的主语保持一致。
4、从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
5、两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
6、表示时间、金钱、距离的名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

a large quantity of+可数名词复数 后面的谓语动词用单数还是复数

很多语法书上都认为，quantity修饰名词时，谓语动词不是根据名词判断，而是看quantity的形式，
如果是a quantity of，动词就用第三人称单数，
如果是quantities of，动词就用复数形式。
但是也有另外一种说法，就是quantity的主谓一致分三种情况：
the quantity of 后面用单数
a quantity of 后面的动词根据名词的单复数判断
quantities of 后面的动词用复数。
a large quantity of 后接单数还是复数动词要根据前面的名词作判断---这一点比较统一
the quantity of 不管后面是名词的复数形式还是不可数名词，都把主语当成一个主体，后接动词单数形式，这也是比较统一的认识。
但quantities of 后接动词的单数还是复数形式，不同语法书就有不同的认识。有的认为不管怎样都用复数形式，有的认为
quantities of +不可数名词+单数动词
+ 复数名词+复数动词
所以不好形式统一的认识。但是赞成都用复数的人比较多。
专家说
Quantity，单数复数？
Joe 发表于 2007-5-1 12:04:00
湖北省黄冈市英山一中 马保国
主谓一致是高中英语考试的重要考点之一，其中不乏难题，尤其是带有限定词的名词短语作主语时，最难选择谓语的单复数形式。例如，“a quantity of +名词”作主语时，谓语是用单数还是用复数就让广大考生困惑不已，因为目前的教辅读物中众说纷纭，矛盾重重，让人莫衷一是，到底是用单数还是用复数呢？且看下文：
问题篇：
下述几例选自学生中很有市场的几种教辅读物，他们的结论让学生误入歧途：
1.《高中专项无敌---语法》（新疆青少年出版社---王建村）
（P74） a large quantity of 不管后面跟可数名词还是不可数名词，都要用单数动词，比较：
Large quantities of money have been sent there.
A large quantity of books has been offered to us.
2．《各个击破丛书（高中英语专项）---语法》（延边人民出版社---王建军）
（数词与主谓一致p24）
A (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：A large quantity of people is needed here.
(large) quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.
3．English Weekly
专家篇：
笔者遍阅专家语法，发现专家们的观点并非如此,他们认为：
1. 徐广联在《大学英语语法讲座与测试》（华东理工大学出版社）中表示，a quantity of 只能修饰不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。A quantity of 间或也可以修饰可数名词，例如，A quantity of baskets were on sale.
2. 张怀信在《英语高考活用图解辞典》（延边大学出版社）中讲到，a large/small quantity of 大量的/少量的（可以修饰可数名词或不可数名词），例如，I need a large quantity of oil (apples). quantities of 大批的，大量的，例如，Large quantities of polluted water are flowing into the sea. 该书所附〈语法祥解篇---主谓一致〉还明确指出“在以上（a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of + 名词）的词组后面的名词是中心词，谓语动词根据后面的名词的数而定”。
3．顾南华在《中高级英语考试指南》（华中工学院出版社）中说，a quantity of, quantities of可跟可数名词与不可数名词,并举有三例：There is a large quantity of milk. Great quantities of fish are caught on the high sea. Large quantities of water are needed for cooling purposes.在452页讲到“a quantity of + 不可数名词”，谓语只用单数，“quantities of + 可数与不可数名词”，谓语要用复数。
4．章振邦在《新编英语语法》（上海译文出版社）212页中讲到，a quantity of既可用于复数可数名词，也可用于不可数名词。例如, A large quantity of flowers were heaped on the martyr’s tomb. A large quantity of beer was consumed. Quantities of food were on the table.
5. 刘锐诚在《学生使用英语高考必备》（中国青年出版社）中认为，a quantity of +名词[C,U][+单或复数动词]，quantities of +名词[C,U] [+复数动词]。
6. 张鑫友在《英语语法难题新探（句法篇）》（中国地质大学出版社）529页中说，在…a large quantity of…等短语后既可接复数可数名词，亦可接不可数名词。在它们分别和其后的名词构成短语作主语时，其谓语动词通常跟of后名词的具体情况而采用单数或复数形式。
结论篇：
1．a quantity of后既可接复数可数名词，亦可接不可数名词。在它们分别和其后的名词构成短语作主语时，其谓语动词通常看of后名词的具体情况而采用单数或复数形式。如果是接不可数名词，则谓语用单数形式，如果是接复数可数名词，则谓语通常要采用复数形式（※偶而接单数式谓语，属非规范用法，宜慎用。）
2．quantities of后既可接复数可数名词，亦可接不可数名词,后面的谓语都用复数形式。
例证篇：
1． On January 18, a large quantity of coloured photopaper, dried seafood, canned abalone, audio equipment and antibiotics worth HH$16million were found in four 40-foot containers, bound for… ( In brief--- China Daily, HK Edition, 20050122, P2)
2． Besides, a large quantity of mail bags were found. (US nationals arrested for DVD piracy---China Daily, 20040731, P1)
3． An undetermined quantity of weapons and ammunition were also seized, the spokesman said. (Raid in karbala and shots fired in Baghdad---China Daily, 2003102, P1)
4． …and a small quantity of dangerous drugs were seized. (Travel scheme causes concern in HK---China Daily, 20030822, P2)A
5． A quantity of fake certificates and official stamps were also seized. (Police seize 59 in major gang smash, 20030403)
※ 6. “…and a large quantity of drugs is reading different segments of society.” Wang said. (Zzzicit drug dealers executed----China Daily, 20030627, P2)

马克思《青年在选择职业时的考虑》英文版

Reflections of a Young Man
on The Choice of a Profession
Source: MECW Volume 1
Written: between August 10 and 16, 1835
First published: in Archiv für die Geschichte des Sozialismus und der Arbeiterbewegung, 1925
Translated from the Latin.
Transcribed: by Sally Ryan.
Nature herself has determined the sphere of activity in which the animal should move, and it peacefully moves within
that sphere, without attempting to go beyond it, without even an inkling of any other. To man, too, the Deity gave a
general aim, that of ennobling mankind and himself, but he left it to man to seek the means by which this aim can be
achieved; he left it to him to choose the position in society most suited to him, from which he can best uplift himself
and society.
This choice is a great privilege of man over the rest of creation, but at the same time it is an act which can destroy his
whole life, frustrate all his plans, and make him unhappy. Serious consideration of this choice, therefore, is certainly
the first duty of a young man who is beginning his career and does not want to leave his most important affairs to
chance.
Everyone has an aim in view, which to him at least seems great, and actually is so if the deepest conviction, the
innermost voice of the heart declares it so, for the Deity never leaves mortal man wholly without a guide; he speaks
softly but with certainty.
But this voice can easily be drowned, and what we took for inspiration can be the product of the moment, which
another moment can perhaps also destroy. Our imagination, perhaps, is set on fire, our emotions excited, phantoms
flit before our eyes, and we plunge headlong into what impetuous instinct suggests, which we imagine the Deity
himself has pointed out to us. But what we ardently embrace soon repels us and we see our whole existence in ruins.
We must therefore seriously examine whether we have really been inspired in our choice of a profession, whether an
inner voice approves it, or whether this inspiration is a delusion, and what we took to be a call from the Deity was
self-deception. But how can we recognise this except by tracing the source of the inspiration itself?
What is great glitters, its glitter arouses ambition, and ambition can easily have produced the inspiration, or what we
took for inspiration; but reason can no longer restrain the man who is tempted by the demon of ambition, and he
plunges headlong into what impetuous instinct suggests: he no longer chooses his position in life, instead it is
determined by chance and illusion.
Nor are we called upon to adopt the position which offers us the most brilliant opportunities; that is not the one which,
in the long series of years in which we may perhaps hold it, will never tire us, never dampen our zeal, never let our
enthusiasm grow cold, but one in which we shall soon see our wishes unfulfilled, our ideas unsatisfied, and we shall
inveigh against the Deity and curse mankind.
But it is not only ambition which can arouse sudden enthusiasm for a particular profession; we may perhaps have
embellished it in our imagination, and embellished it so that it appears the highest that life can offer. We have not
analysed it, not considered the whole burden, the great responsibility it imposes on us; we have seen it only from a
distance, and distance is deceptive.
Our own reason cannot be counsellor here; for it is supported neither by experience nor by profound observation,
being deceived by emotion and blinded by fantasy. To whom then should we turn our eyes? Who should support us
where our reason forsakes us?
Our parents, who have already travelled lifes road and experienced the severity of fate - our heart tells us.
And if then our enthusiasm still persists, if we still continue to love a profession and believe ourselves called to it after
we have examined it in cold blood, after we have perceived its burdens and become acquainted with its difficulties,
then we ought to adopt it, then neither does our enthusiasm deceive us nor does overhastiness carry us away.
But we cannot always attain the position to which we believe we are called; our relations in society have to some
extent already begun to be established before we are in a position to determine them.
Our physical constitution itself is often a threatening obstacle, and let no one scoff at its rights.
It is true that we can rise above it; but then our downfall is all the more rapid, for then we are venturing to build on
crumbling ruins, then our whole life is an unhappy struggle between the mental and the bodily principle. But he who is
unable to reconcile the warring elements within himself, how can he resist lifes tempestuous stress, how can he act
calmly? And it is from calm alone that great and fine deeds can arise; it is the only soil in which ripe fruits successfully
develop.
Although we cannot work for long and seldom happily with a physical constitution which is not suited to our
profession, the thought nevertheless continually arises of sacrificing our well-being to duty, of acting vigorously
although we are weak. But if we have chosen a profession for which we do not possess the talent, we can never
exercise it worthily, we shall soon realise with shame our own incapacity and tell ourselves that we are useless
created beings, members of society who are incapable of fulfilling their vocation. Then the most natural consequence
is self-contempt, and what feeling is more painful and less capable of being made up for by all that the outside world
has to offer? Self-contempt is a serpent that ever gnaws at ones breast, sucking the life-blood from ones heart and
mixing it with the poison of misanthropy and despair.
An illusion about our talents for a profession which we have closely examined is a fault which takes its revenge on us
ourselves, and even if it does not meet with the censure of the outside world it gives rise to more terrible pain in our
hearts than such censure could inflict.
If we have considered all this, and if the conditions of our life permit us to choose any profession we like, we may
adopt the one that assures us the greatest worth, one which is based on ideas of whose truth we are thoroughly
convinced, which offers us the widest scope to work for mankind, and for ourselves to approach closer to the general
aim for which every profession is but a means - perfection.
Worth is that which most of all uplifts a man, which imparts a higher nobility to his actions and all his endeavours,
which makes him invulnerable, admired by the crowd and raised above it.
But worth can be assured only by a profession in which we are not servile tools, but in which we act independently in
our own sphere. It can be assured only by a profession that does not demand reprehensible acts, even if
reprehensible only in outward appearance, a profession which the best can follow with noble pride. A profession
which assures this in the greatest degree is not always the highest, but is always the most to be preferred.
But just as a profession which gives us no assurance of worth degrades us, we shall as surely succumb under the
burdens of one which is based on ideas that we later recognise to be false.
There we have no recourse but to self-deception, and what a desperate salvation is that which is obtained by selfbetrayal!
Those professions which are not so much involved in life itself as concerned with abstract truths are the most
dangerous for the young man whose principles are not yet firm and whose convictions are not yet strong and
unshakeable. At the same time these professions may seem to be the most exalted if they have taken deep root in
our hearts and if we are capable of sacrificing our lives and all endeavours for the ideas which prevail in them.
They can bestow happiness on the man who has a vocation for them, but they destroy him who adopts them rashly,
without reflection, yielding to the impulse of the moment.
On the other hand, the high regard we have for the ideas on which our profession is based gives us a higher standing
in society, enhances our own worth, and makes our actions un-challengeable.
One who chooses a profession he values highly will shudder at the idea of being unworthy of it; he will act nobly if only
because his position in society is a noble one.
But the chief guide which must direct us in the choice of a profession is the welfare of mankind and our own
perfection. It should not be thought that these two interests could be in conflict, that one would have to destroy the
other; on the contrary, mans nature is so constituted that he can attain his own perfection only by working for the
perfection, for the good, of his fellow men.
If he works only for himself, he may perhaps become a famous man of learning, a great sage, an excellent poet, but
he can never be a perfect, truly great man.
History calls those men the greatest who have ennobled themselves by working for the common good; experience
acclaims as happiest the man who has made the greatest number of people happy; religion itself teaches us that the
ideal being whom all strive to copy sacrificed himself for the sake of mankind, and who would dare to set at nought
such judgments?
If we have chosen the position in life in which we can most of all work for mankind, no burdens can bow us down,
because they are sacrifices for the benefit of all; then we shall experience no petty, limited, selfish joy, but our
happiness will belong to millions, our deeds will live on quietly but perpetually at work, and over our ashes will be shed
the hot tears of noble people.

以my troublesome apartment为题的英语作文

I rented an apartment when I was studying at my university. It was a very annoying apartment.
First, My roomates were a party animal. They hold parties every night after they drank at the bar. They were loudly chatting at the living room, and they were disrupting my sleeping. Moreover, My roomates were not likely to clean up the mess after they hold a party. The apartment was look like a pigsty as a result the landlord was very angry and kicked my roomates out of the apartment.
Second, my apartment dint have a fridge and washing machine. It made me very difficult to clean up my clothes and cook the food. Therefore, I had to wash my clothes by hand, and I had to eat out every day.
Right now, I have my own apartment. I have learnt lots of lessons from my troublesome apartment, and made my place a nice and clean apartment.

请用英语介绍家乡，我是山西的，

山西位于太行山之西，黄河以东。春秋时期，大部分地区为晋国所有，所以简称“晋”；山西的土特产品种类繁多。杏 花村汾酒是我国古老的历史名酒，色如水晶美玉，清香纯正，味美无穷，畅销内外；山西老陈醋甜绵酸香，不仅调味上佳，还可消食、美容、杀菌；有国家重点风景名胜区五台山、恒山、黄河壶口瀑布、北武当山、五老峰等。欢迎大家来山西旅游观光。我为我是山西人而感到骄傲！

英文翻译：

Shanxi is located west of the Taihang Mountains, east of the Yellow River. Spring and Autumn Period, most of all for Jin, therefore referred to as "Jin"; Shanxi, a wide range of native products. Xinghuacun fen ancient history of our wines, the color of Crystal Jade, fragrance pure, delicious infinite, best-selling domestic and foreign; Shanxi mature vinegar sour sweet and fragrant cotton is not only a good flavor, but also digestion, beauty and sterilization; a national key scenic spots Wutai, Hengshan, the Yellow River Hukou Waterfall, North Wudang, Wu Laofeng so. Welcome to Shanxi tourism. I am proud that I was from Shanxi!

希望你能满意！