英语句子中，逗号后面什么时候用ing形式

动词加ing形式是把动词改成了动名词比如swim --swimming。
I like to swim.这里swim乃动词。
I like swimmin。这里swimming偏名次属性。
因为英语中，一句话 一般允许一个谓语（动词充当），但一句话不止一个动词，一旦前面一个动词做了谓语 其他动词只好做非谓语（即to do /doing/done)。
例如：JIM喊我去打球这里有2个动词喊和打。
英文翻译为JIM asks me to play ball  (ask做谓语play就只好做非谓语就变成to ask了)。
1、正在进行时中,谓语动词后加ing。如:Im playing football。
2.当动词做主语时，要用动名词，即动词加ing。如：Making salad。
3.--些特殊表达.动词后再用动词要用动名词.如:enjoydoingsth。
practice doing sth. mind doing sth. finish doing sth. keep doing sth。等
4、当一个句子已经有一个动词了。
5、一些固定的词和词组后面比如。
feel like doing、risk doing、it is no use doing。
列举一些常见的后面加doing的: keep enjoy excuse practice mind
avoid、appreciate risk consider cant help give up imagine finish、think of suggest hear of be fond of、insist on、aim at。其实就是大多数介词后面
6、表示主动。
7、表示进行。

扩展资料：
动词ing形式变化规则：
1、–ing分词的构成主动形式 被动形式 doing being done 一般式 完成式 having done having been done 否定式：
not+--ing/not having(been) done 不是 having not (been) done。
2.一般式和完成式的用法--ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的一个动作；完成式表示先于谓语动词动作之前的一个动作。
如： Walking along the street, he caught sight of an old friend of his. Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations.
3.---ing分词的被动式当－ing分词与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时，需要用被动形式。根据－ing 分词动作发生的时间，－ing分词的被动式分为一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done),如：
The question being discussed is very important. Having been praised by the teacher, he works even harder.
4.---ing分词的句法功能：
1)---ing分词作主语 Learning English has become a part of his life. It is no use trying to repair the ship. These holes are much too big. 
2) ---ing分词作宾语 以下动词必须跟---ing分词作宾语：admit/ appreciate/avoid/consider/delay/deny/dislike/enjoy /excuse/finish/image。
keep/mind/ miss/postpone/put off/practise/risk/stand/ stop/ suggest / give up/cannot help。

to做介词的固定短语

be/get/become used to 习惯于    be given to 喜欢；癖好    be related to  与…有关系     be addicted to 沉溺于；对…上瘾  be opposed to  反对    devote oneself to献身于；专心于 be devoted to 致力于；忠诚于    be admitted to 被…录取；准进入   be reduced to 沦为 reduce…to…使…沦为    be attached to附属于；喜欢；依恋   be adjusted to  适应 be known to  为…所知    be married to  和…结婚    be sentenced to被判处 be connected to  和…连在一起 be exposed to  暴露于；遭受    be compared to 被比喻成 compare… to…把…比作…  be/become/ get accustomed to//accustomed to  惯于；有…习惯 be engaged to 与…订婚    get down to 着手做    lead to 导致     object to反对；不喜欢；不赞成  put one’s mind to全神贯注于    give rise to 引起 look forward to  盼望    pay attention to  注意    stick to  坚持 attend to 专心；注意；照料；   see to  负责；注意    contribute to对…作贡献；有助于 make contributions to对…作贡献   apply oneself to 致力于    come close to几乎；将近 reply to 回答    add to 增加    add up to  加起来    in addition to除…之外 turn to转向；求助于    feel up to 能胜任于    look up to 尊敬    admit to承认 belong to 属于    take to 喜爱；开始    cling to 附着    fall to 开始 respond to 回答；对…作出回应    accustom oneself to 使自己习惯于   amount to等于 set an example to 给…树立榜样    refer to 谈到；参考；查阅  agree to sth. 同意某事 （比较：agree to do sth.  同意做某事）    prefer… to…更喜欢 take/make a trip to到…地方去 join…to…把…和 …连接起来turn a blind eye to对…视而不见 turn a deaf ear to 对…充耳不闻    show honour to向…表示敬意  put an end to(bring… to an end) 结束    drink (a toast) to 为……干杯 propose a toast to 提议……    set fire to 放火烧……  happen to… 发生了……事    occur to sb. 想起；想到    total up to 总计达   be close to 几乎；将近 hold to 坚持；抓住 help oneself to 随便用……  hold on to  抓住；固守  do harm to 对……有害处 do wrong to 冤枉某人    date back to 追溯到  come to 来到；达到；结果为 (比较：come to do sth逐渐做某事)  when it comes to… 谈到……时 give an eye to着眼于 have an eye to doing 打算  describe to  向……描述    treat sb. to sth. 请某人吃……     trust sth. to sb.把某物委托给某人 pay a visit to  参观……   the key to ……的答案     access to 进入；取得的方法on one’s way to 在去某处的路上；在达成某事的过程中 be a stranger to   不习惯；对……陌生  be kind to 对……和善 be important to 对……重要    be senior to   年龄长于……   be junior to年龄小于…… be equal to  和……相等     be particular to ……所特有的  （比较：be particular about 对……过于讲究；挑剔）   be subject to 服从；隶属；易遭受患    be familiar to 为  ……熟悉     be similar to 和……相似    be open to 对……开放    be loyal to  对……忠诚   be helpful to对……有益处    be useful to对……有用  be good to sb对某人好 （比较：be good for 对……有益处） be bad to 对……不好 be bad for（比较：对……有害处） be new to 对……不习惯；对……陌生    next to（否定词前）几乎；next to ……的旁边 due to 由于；归因于……   be due to do sth.预定要做某事    owing to 由于；因……的缘故    thanks to 多亏了；由于    as to 关于；至于    in/with regard to 关于 in/with relation to 关于；就……而论    according to 根据   subject to 在……条件下；依

x开头的英语形容词，最好是形容人的人品质性格的。谢谢

beautiful pretty handsome brilliant remarkable saucysmart splendid good-looking able 有才干的，能干的 active 主动的，活跃的 adaptable 适应性强的 adroit 灵巧的，机敏的 aggressive 有进取心的 alert 机灵的 ambitious 有雄心壮志的 amiable 和蔼可亲的 amicable 友好的 analytical 善于分析的 apprehensive 有理解力的 aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的 audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的 capable 有能力的，有才能的 careful 办事仔细的 candid 正直的 charitable 宽厚的 competent 能胜任的 confident 有信心的 conscientious 认真的，自觉的 considerate 体贴的 constructive 建设性的 contemplative 好沉思的 cooperative 有合作精神的 creative 富创造力的 dashing 有一股子冲劲的，有拼搏精神的 dedicated 有奉献精神的 devoted 有献身精神的 dependable 可靠的 diplomatic 老练的，有策略的 disciplined 守纪律的 discreet （在行动，说话等方面）谨慎的 dutiful 尽职的 dynamic 精悍的 earnest 认真的 well-educated 受过良好教育的 efficient 有效率的 energetic 精力充沛的 enthusiastic 充满热情的 expressive 善于表达 faithful 守信的，忠诚的 forceful （性格）坚强的 frank 直率的，真诚的 friendly 友好的 frugal 俭朴的 generous 宽宏大量的 genteel 有教养的 gentle 有礼貌的 hard-working 勤劳的 hearty 精神饱满的 honest 诚实的 hospitable 殷勤的 humble 恭顺的 humorous 幽默的 impartial 公正的 independent 有主见的 industrious 勤奋的 ingenious 有独创性的 initiative 首创精神 have an inquiring mind 爱动脑筋 intellective 有智力的 intelligent 理解力强的 inventive 有发明才能的，有创造力的 just 正直的 kind-hearted 好心的 knowledgeable 有见识的 learned 精通某门学问的 liberal 心胸宽大的 logical 条理分明的 loyal 忠心耿耿的 methodical 有方法的 modest 谦虚的 motivated 目的明确的 objective 客观的 open-minded 虚心的 orderly 守纪律的 original 有独创性的 painstaking 辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的 practical 实际的 precise 一丝不苟的 persevering 不屈不挠的 punctual 严守时刻的 purposeful 意志坚强的 qualified 合格的 rational 有理性的 realistic 实事求是的 reasonable 讲道理的 reliable 可信赖的 responsible 负责的 self-conscious 自觉的 selfless 无私的 sensible 明白事理的 sincere 真诚的 smart 精明的 spirited 生气勃勃的 sporting 光明正大的 steady 塌实的 straightforward 老实的 strict 严格的 systematic 有系统的 strong-willed 意志坚强的 sweet-tempered 性情温和的 temperate 稳健的 tireless 孜孜不倦的

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