初中英语句型结构
基本句型一: S+V (主+谓)
基本句型二: S+V+P (主+谓+表)
基本句型三: S+V+O (主+谓+宾)
基本句型四: S+V+o+O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五: S+V+O+C (主+谓+宾+宾补)
基本句型 一
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S+V (不及物动词)
1. The sun │was shining.
2. The moon │rose.
3. The universe │remains.
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink.
5. Lucy and Mary │get up early every morning.
6. What he said │does not matter.
7. They │had talked for half an hour when I came in.
8. His parents │have worked in the factory for more than ten years.
基本句型 二
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。
S+V(是系动词)+ P
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.
2. The dinner │smells │good.
3. He │fell │in love.
4. Everything │looks │different.
5. He │is growing │tall and strong.
6. The trouble │is │that they are short of money.
7. Our well │has gone │dry.
8. His face │turned │red.
附:
联系动词(Link Verb)本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:
He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。)
He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。
1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。
5)变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:
The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)
基本句型 三
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
S+V(及物动词)+O
1. Who │knows │the answer?
2. She │smiled │her thanks.
3. He │has refused │to help them.
4. He │enjoys │reading.
5. They │ate │what was left over.
6. He │said │"Good morning."
7. I │want │to have a cup of tea.
8. He │admits │that he was mistaken.
基本句型 四
此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。
通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。
S +V(及物)+o(多指人)+O(多指物)
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress.
2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal.
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary.
4. He │denies │her │nothing.
5. I │showed │him │my pictures.
6. I │gave │my car │a wash.
7. I │told │him │that the bus was late.
8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine.
基本句型 五
此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
S+V(及物)+O(宾语)+C(宾补)
1. They │appointed │him │manager.
2. They │painted │the door │green.
3. This │set │them │thinking.
4. They │found │the house │deserted.
5. What │makes │him │think so?
6. We │saw │him │out.
7. He │asked │me │to come back soon.
8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus.
但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。下面以基本句型五为例:
We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报告。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。
不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样,因此在学习动词时,应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例:
Hes getting angry. (S V C)
He got through the window. (S V M)
Youll get a surprise. (S V O)
He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C)
He got himself into trouble. (S V O M)
He got her a splendid present. (S V 0 O)
在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:
I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。(S V O M)
I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。 (S V O C)
I have to do something. 我得做点事。
I have something to do. 我有点事做。
英语几大从句的基本结构
先啰嗦一下如何分析句子结构:
第一步找句子中的动词,如果只有一个,那肯定是简单句;如果有二个,或两个以上,那就可能是并列句或复合句
第二步找连词,如果有并列连词,比如and, but, so 等等,那肯定有并列句
如果还有从属连词,那肯定存在复合句
复合句包括:1、名词性从句:主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句
2、形容词性从句:定语从句
3、副词性从句:状语从句
你还要知道几个结构:主谓(谓语动词之前是主语)
动宾、介宾(谓语动词或介词之后是宾语)
系表(系动词之后是表语)
那么如何分从句,还是要先找连词,然后看从句在句子中充当什么成分,但是你首先要知道各个复合句都有哪些连词,而且名称也不同哦。
1 在名词性从句中,引导从句的连词被称为连接词、连接代词、连接副词,
连接词: that, whether ,if (不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which
连接副词:when, where, how, why
下面举例:
That our team won the game made us happy.
(主语从句,That our team won the game 在句子中充当主语)
We heard the news that our team won the game.
(同位语从句,that our team won the game在句子中充当the news的同位语)
My question is who will finish the work.
(表语从句,who will finish the work在句子中充当is后的表语)
2 在定语从句中,引导从句的连词被称为关系代词和关系副词,一般来说,定语从句都是跟在名词之后的,那个名词叫先俯姬碘肯鄢厩碉询冬墨行词。如果你没有找到被修饰的名词,那肯定不是定语从句。
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。
This is the mountain village that I visited last year. 这是我去年参观过的山村。
3 在状语从句中,一般都会有逗号,这时初中内容,多看些例句:
I didnt go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因为我怕。
Although its raining, they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活。
其实最好的办法,就是把分析句子结构的方法记得,然后多看例句,多多自己分析,多问自己的老师,相信你一定能掌握。
都是自己敲得,希望对你有帮助,忘采纳!
英语强调句,倒装句结构
强调句: 在英文中,句子的主语、宾语、状语都可以写进一定的句式里以表示对它的强调。 它们是: 1. It is / was 被强调的部分 that ( who, which ) 句子的其他部分, 2. What … is / was …这种句式就称为强调句。强调句主要有两种形式: 1. It is/was 被强调的部分 that(who,which) 句子的其他部分 下面我们以两个句子为例来演示强调句的构成。如: 1)Western health-care system are spending huge sums of money on the surgical treatment 主语 宾语 of the disease.状语西方国家医疗保健机构在心脏病的手术治疗上开支巨大。 强调主语 It is Western health-care system that (which) are spending huge sums of money on the surgical treatment of the disease. 正是西方国家医疗保健机构,在心脏病的手术治疗上开支巨大。 强调宾语 It is huge sums of money that ( which ) Western health-care system are spending on the surgical treatment of the disease. 西方国家医疗保健机构在心脏病的手术治疗上,开支确实是巨大的。 强调状语 It is on the surgical treatment of the disease that Western health- care system are spending huge sums of money.西方国家医疗保健机构,就是在心脏病的手术治疗上付出了巨大的开支。 2)Ann Peters’ husband rushed her to a nearby hospital last night. 主语 宾语 状语昨晚,安妮.彼德的丈夫立即送她去四周医院。 强调主语 It was Ann Peters husband that (who) rushed her to a nearby hospital last night. 昨晚,正是安妮.彼德的丈夫,立即送她去了四周医院。 强调宾语 It was her (she) that (who) Ann Peters husband rushed to a nearby hospital last night.昨晚安妮.彼德的丈夫立即送的是她,去四周医院。 强调状语 It was to a nearby hospital that Ann Peters husband rushed her last night.昨晚安妮.彼德的丈夫立即送她去的就是一家四周的医院。 强调状语 It was last night that Ann Peters husband rushed her to a nearby hospital.就是在昨晚,安妮.彼德的丈夫立即送她去四周医院。 要点提示: 1)当原句叙述的是现在或者将来发生的事情用"It is … that…"的句式(如 例句1);当原句叙述的是过去发生的事情则用"It was … that… " 的句式(如例句2)。 2)在这种强调句式中,一般用that引出句子的其他部分。假如被强调的部分是表示人的意义的名词时,可以用who代替that引出句子的其他部分;假如被强调的部分是表示事物意义的名词时,可以用which代替that引出句子的其他部分。但是,无论被强调的部分是表示地点、还是表示时间意义的名词,都不可以用where 或者when 。例如: It is that man who (that) is teaching our English.(就是那个人教我们英语。) It was my telephone number which (that) Miss White happened to know. 怀特小姐碰巧知道的就是我的电话号码。 It is in front of the religious leader that the bride and groom stand together to be married.新郎、新娘通常就是一起站在宗教头领面前举行结婚。2)假如被强调的部分是人称代词,应该用该人称代词的主格形式;在口语或非正式文体中也可以用其宾格形式。 It was she (her) who told the police.就是她报告警察的。 It was you who we were talking about.我们刚刚谈论的就是你。 3)没有强调句子谓语的强调句,但有其通常的强调手段:do / does / did 动词原形 。例如: I do believe that he is an honest man. 我的确相信他是老实人。 She does like literature. 她确实喜欢文学。 They did go to see you yesterday, but failed to meet you. 他们昨天的确去看过你,但没见到你。 4)What … is / was … "What … is / was …"是名词从句结构,也是强调句的另一种构成形式。它常用来强调主语、宾语。假如所叙述的是现在或者将来发生的事情用"What is … that…"的句式;假如所叙述的是过去发生的事情用"What was … that…"的句式。例如: What he wishes most is to become a pilot.(强调宾语) 他最希望的是成为一名飞行员。 What interested me most in that movie was the beautiful scenery of Alps. (强调主语)那部电影使我最感爱好的是阿尔裨斯山那漂亮的风景。 What I like is her speaking manner. (强调宾语) 我喜欢的是她说话的风度。 What encouraged us was the example he set for us. (强调主语) 给予我们鼓励的是他为我们树立的榜样。 倒装句: 英语的基本语序是“主语 谓语”,假如将谓语的一部分或全部放在主语之前,这种语序叫倒装。倒装既是一种语法手段,也是一种修辞手段,用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。 一、倒装的原因 A. 语法倒装 由于语法结构的需要,将谓语的全部或一部分移到主语之前。 1. 一般疑问句 当我们把一个肯定句转变为疑问句时,常把肯定句中的助动词或情态动词放在句首。这类助动词或情态动词包括:be, have, can, do, shall, will, may, must, dare, need, ought或 used 等。 He will do it. ——Will he do it 他会做这件事吗? This is my mobile phone number. ——Is this your mobile phone number? 这是你的手机号码吗? 提示: 假如肯定句中没有助动词或情态动词时, 我们可以在句首用do 的某种形式, 以构成倒装语序。 Jack likes to eat fish. 杰克喜欢吃鱼。 ——Does Jack like to eat fish 杰克喜欢吃鱼吗? 2.非凡疑问句 非凡疑问句的构成:非凡疑问词 一般疑问句 What does he like to eat?? 他喜欢吃什么? When will they go to the Great Wall? 他们什么时候去长城? Where did you go last night? 昨晚你去哪里了? 提示:假如疑问代词在句中做主语,句子不要倒装。 Who is not coming to dinner tonight 今晚谁不来吃饭? 3. 反意问句 在反意问句中,用一般疑问句的形式,前后两分句的主语,人称要一致。前一分句是肯定,反意问句用否定形式,并一定要缩写;前一分句是否定, 反意问句用肯定形式。 Everything is ready, isnt it 一切都预备好了,是吗? Bobbie seldom got drunk, did he 博比很少喝醉,是吗? You had a wonderful time last night, didnt you 昨天晚上你玩得很愉 快,是吗? 4.感叹句 英语中的感叹句有时也通过倒装的形式来表达。 Here comes Santa Clause! 圣诞老人来啦!(谓语前置) What bad manners they have! 他们真没礼貌!(宾语前置) How happy the children are!孩子们多么幸福啊!(表语前置) 5. 某些含有“really”意义的简短表达,也用倒装语序,但它们并不需要任何回答。 --- Elsa saw a snake last night. 埃尔莎昨天晚上看到一条蛇。 --- Did she 真的吗? --- Our new boss is very easygoing. 我们的新老板人很随和。 --- Is he 是吗? --- Philip has already finished his report. 菲利普已经完成了他的报告。 --- Has he 真的吗? 6.以引导词there引起的陈述句 There was nobody in the room. 房间里没有人。 In the valley there lies a river. 山谷里有一条河。 There is no harm in trying. 不妨一试。 7.虚拟条件句 ①在虚拟语气中,假如不用if,且从句中有were, had, should等助动词,需将助动词were, had, should放在句首,用倒装语序。 If I were a bird, I could fly freely. ——Were I a bird, I could fly freely. 假如我是一只小鸟,我就能自由翱翔。 If I had known it earlier, I would have lent him the money. ——Had I known it earlier, I wouldn誸 have lent him the money. 要是我早知道这件事,我就不会把钱借给他了. ②表示祝愿的一些句子 Long live peace! 和平万岁! May our friendship be ever lasting! 愿我们的友谊长存! 8.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时 You should have been here five minutes ago,said the teacher. 老师说:“你5分钟之前就该来了。” Douglas,said the teacher, do be careful next time.“道格拉斯,”老师说道,“下次一定要小心。” B. 修辞倒装 为了突出重要的内容,或为了生动地描写动作,人们往往采用修辞倒装。 1.为了强调 Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。 Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有用这种方法,我们才能学好英语。 Selfish does our life make us students. 是生活把我们的学生变得如此自私。 2.为了生动流畅 Up went the rocket into the sky. 嗖的一声火箭上了天。 Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 我们面前有很多困难。 Happy are those who are contented. 知足者常乐。 Next came a man in his forties. 接下去进来一个四十多岁的男人。 Long did we wait before hearing from her. 我们等了很久才收到她的信。 C. 一些句型的固定用法 Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这样。 Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang. 我一到家,电话就响了。 How came it that she knew the secret 她怎么会知道那个秘密的? 二、 倒装的种类 英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。假如将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,这称之为完全倒装。假如只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前,谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面,这称之为部分倒装。 A. 完全倒装 完全倒装是将谓语的全部放在主语之前,此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时两种。 On her left sat her husband. 她左边坐着她丈夫。 Here is the book you want. 你要的书在这儿。 Down went the small boat. 小船沉下去了。 B. 部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分,如助动词或情态动词,移至主语之前。 Only by working hard can one succeed. 只有努力才能成功。 Never have I seen her before. 我以前没见过她。 提示:假如句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。 Well do I remember the day I joined the League.入团的那一天,我记忆犹新。 Little did I think that he could be back alive 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。
初一下册语文狼中的特殊句式(途中两狼,缀行甚远和而两狼之并驱如故
特殊句式如下:
1、省略宾语:
原文:屠惧,投以骨。
释义:屠户感到害怕,把骨头扔给狼。
赏析:“投以骨”中省略了“投”的宾语“之”,代狼,可补充为“投之以骨”。
2、省略宾语:
原文:一狼得骨止,一狼仍从。
释义:一只狼得到骨头就停止了,另一只狼仍然跟从。
赏析:“一狼仍从”中省略宾语“之”,可补充为“一狼仍从之”。
3、省略介词:
原文:顾野有麦场,场主积薪其中,苫蔽成丘。
释义:他往旁边看了看发现田野中有个麦场,麦场的主人把柴草堆积在里面,覆盖成小山似的。
赏析:“场主积薪其中”省略了介词“于”,可补充为“场主积薪于其中”。
4、省略介词:
原文:方欲行,转视积薪后,一狼洞其中,意将隧入以攻其后也。
释义:他刚刚想离开,转身看柴草堆后面,另一只狼正在挖洞,想要从柴草堆中打洞来从后面攻击屠户。
赏析:“一狼洞其中”中也省略了介词“于”,可补充为“一狼洞于其中”。
5、省略主语:
原文:乃悟前狼假寐,盖以诱敌。
释义:他才领悟到前面的狼假装睡觉,原来是用来诱引敌人的。
赏析:“乃悟前狼假寐,盖以诱敌。”中省略主语“屠”,可补充为“屠乃悟前狼假寐,盖以诱敌”。
6、倒装句:
原文:骨已尽矣,而两狼之并驱如故。
释义:骨头已经没有了,可是两只狼像原来一样一起追赶屠户。
赏析:“而两狼之并驱如故”,正常语序应为“而两狼如故之并驱”
人教版英语七年级下册四单元重点句型句子
he is an assistant my sister is a shop assistant i work with students
mary works as a doctor can you get an apple for me he is in glass
its dangerous to go to the park my teacher always talks to me
mom asks me to do homework she teaches me to swim
七年级英语金指课堂答案
I. 1-5 CABCA
II. 1. Who will 2. What will 3. Where will 4. What time will
III. 1. another exciting relay race 2. will hold 3. take some photos 4. make it
IV. 1. speaking 2. tell 3. pick 4. with 5. better 6.When 7. make 8. By
七年级下册英语,按要求完成句子
3, didnt do any 4, What a 5, What delicious 6, Will have No wont