需要一篇关于 如何戒除网瘾的英语作文400字就行

Causes and symptoms
Causes
No one knows what causes a person to be addicted to the Internet, but there are several factors that have been proposed as contributing to Internet addiction. One theory concerns the mood-altering potential of behaviors related to process addictions. Just as a person addicted to shopping may feel a "rush" or pleasurable change in mood from the series of actions related to a spending spree— checking ones credit cards, driving to the mall, going into ones favorite store, etc.— the person with an Internet addiction may feel a similar "rush" from booting up their computer and going to their favorite web sites. In other words, some researchers think that there are chemical changes that occur in the body when someone is engaging in an addictive behavior. Furthermore, from a biological standpoint, there may be a combination of genes that make a person more susceptible to addictive behaviors, just as researchers have located genes that affect a persons susceptibility to alcohol.
In addition to having features of a process addiction, Internet use might be reinforced by pleasurable thoughts and feelings that occur while the person is using the Internet. Although researchers in the field of addiction studies question the concept of an "addictive personality" as such, it is possible that someone who has one addiction may be prone to become addicted to other substances or activities, including Internet use. People with such other mental disorders or symptoms as depression, feelings of isolation, stress, or anxiety, may "self-medicate" by using the Internet in the same way that some people use alcohol or drugs of abuse to self-medicate the symptoms of their mental disorder.
From a social or interpersonal standpoint, there may be familial factors prompting use of the Internet. For
People who develop problems with their Internet use may start off using the Internet on a casual basis and then progress to using the technology in dysfunctional ways. Use of the Internet may interfere with the persons social life, school work, or job-related tasks at work. Many of the treatments that have been used for Internet addiction have been modeled after other addiction treatment programs and support groups. (Oleg Nikishin/Getty Images. Reproduced by permission.)example, a person might "surf the Web" to escape family conflict. Another possibility is that social or peer dynamics might prompt excessive Internet use. Some affected persons may lack the social skills that would enable them to meet people in person rather than online. Peer behavior might also encourage Internet use if ones friends are using it. Modeling may play a role—users can witness and experience how others engage in Internet use and then replicate that behavior. The interactive aspects of the Internet, such as chat rooms, e-mail, and interactive games like Multi-User Dungeons and Dragons (MUDS), seem to be more likely to lead to Internet addiction than purely solitary web surfing.
One question that has not yet been answered concerning Internet addiction is whether it is a distinctive type of addiction or simply an instance of a new technology being used to support other addictions. For example, there are gambling casinos on the Internet that could reinforce a persons pre-existing gambling addiction. Similarly, someone addicted to shopping could transfer their addiction from the local mall to online stores. Persons addicted to certain forms of sexual behavior can visit pornography sites on the Internet or use chat rooms as a way to meet others who might be willing to participate in those forms of behavior. Researchers may need to determine whether there is such a disorder as "pure" Internet addiction.
Symptoms
One symptom of Internet addiction is excessive time devoted to Internet use. A person might have difficulty cutting down on his or her online time even when they are threatened with poor grades or loss of a job. There have been cases reported of college students failing courses because they would not take time off from Internet use to attend classes. Other symptoms of addiction may include lack of sleep, fatigue, declining grades or poor job performance, apathy, and racing thoughts. There may also be a decreased investment in social relationships and activities. A person may lie about how much time was spent online or deny that they have a problem. They may be irritable when offline, or angry toward anyone who questions their time on the Internet.
Demographics
In the past, people reported to have an Internet addiction disorder were stereotyped as young, introverted, socially awkward, computer-oriented males. While this stereotype may have been true in the past, the availability of computers and the increased ease of access to the Internet are quickly challenging this notion. As a result, problematic Internet use can be found in any age group, social class, racial or ethnic group, level of education and income, and gender.
Diagnosis
As previously noted, Internet addiction disorder has not yet been added as an official diagnosis to the DSM. The following, however, is a set of criteria for Internet addiction that has been proposed by addiction researchers. The criteria are based on the diagnostic standards for pathological gambling.
The patient must meet all of the following criteria:
He or she is preoccupied with the Internet (thinks about previous online activity or is anticipating the next online session).
He or she needs to spend longer and longer periods of time online in order to feel satisfied.
He or she has made unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop Internet use.
He or she is restless, moody, depressed, or irritable when attempting to cut down or stop Internet use.
He or she repeatedly stays online longer than he or she originally intended.
The person must meet at least one of the following criteria:
He or she has jeopardized or risked the loss of a significant relationship, job, educational or career opportunity because of Internet use.
He or she has lied to family members, a therapist, or others to conceal the extent of involvement with the Internet.
He or she uses the Internet as a way of escaping from problems or of relieving an unpleasant mood (such as feelings of helplessness, guilt, anxiety, or depression).
Treatments
Since Internet addiction disorder is a relatively new phenomenon, there is little research on the effectiveness of treatment procedures. Some professionals advocate abstinence from the Internet. Others argue that it may be unrealistic to have a person completely end all Internet use. As society becomes more and more dependent on computers for business transactions, educational programs, entertainment, and access to information as well as interpersonal communication, it will be difficult for a computer-literate person to avoid using the Internet. Learning how to use the Internet in moderation is often the main objective in therapy, in a way analogous to the way that people with eating disorders need to come to terms with food. Many of the procedures that have been used to treat Internet addiction have been modeled after other addiction treatment programs and support groups.
If a persons Internet addiction disorder has a biological dimension, then such medication as an antidepressant or anti-anxiety drug may help them with these aspects of the addiction. Psychological interventions may include such approaches as changing the environment to alter associations that have been made with Internet use, or decrease the reinforcement received from excessive Internet use. Psychological interventions may also help the person identify thoughts and feelings that trigger their use of the Internet. Interpersonal interventions may include such approaches as social skills training or coaching in communication skills. Family and couple therapy may be indicated if the user is turning to the Internet to escape from problems in these areas of life.
Relapsing into an addictive behavior is common for anyone dealing with addiction disorders. Recognizing and preparing for relapse is often a part of the treatment process. Identifying situations that would trigger excessive Internet use and generating ways to deal with these situations can greatly reduce the possibility of total relapse.
Prognosis
Although extensive studies have not yet been done, treatment appears to be effective in maintaining and changing the behavior of people drawn to excessive use of the Internet. If the disorder is left untreated, the person may experience an increased amount of conflict in his or her relationships. Excessive Internet use may jeopardize a persons employment or academic standing. In addition, such physical problems may develop as fatigue, carpal tunnel syndrome, back pain, and eyestrain.
Prevention
If a person knows that he or she has difficulty with other forms of addictive behavior, they should be cautious in exploring the types of application that are used on the Internet. In addition, it is important for people to engage in social activities outside the Internet. Finally, mental health workers should investigate ways in which to participate in the implementation of new technology rather than waiting for its aftereffects.
如果你要短一些的，只要看其中的Treatment 和prevention就行了

大学生信息素养包括哪些方面

有能力从各种不同信息源（图书馆、国际互联网等）获取、评估和使用信息，主要包括信息意识、信息知识、信息能力、信息道德等方面。其中信息意识是前提、信息知识是基础、信息能力是保证、信息道德是准则。信息素养是人的整体素质的一部分，是未来信息社会生活必备的基本能力之一。具体来说，信息素养包括四个方面的内涵：
1、 信息意识
信息意识，是信息素养的前提，是人对信息的敏感程度，是人对信息敏锐的感受力、持久的注意力和对信息价值的洞察力、判断力等。它决定人们捕捉、判断和利用信息的自觉程度。信息意识包括主体意识、信息获取意识、信息传播意识、信息更新意识、信息安全意识等。
2、 信息知识
信息知识，是信息素养的基础，是有关信息的特点与类型、信息交流和传播的基本规律与方式、信息的功用及效应、信息检索等方面的知识。信息知识不但可以使人的知识结构改变，而且能够激活原有的学科专业知识，使文化知识和专业知识发挥更大的作用。
3、 信息能力
信息能力，是信息素养的保证，是信息素养最重要的一个方面。它包括人获取、处理、交流、应用、创造信息的能力等。信息能力教育，是要培养和训练人们熟练应用信息技术，在大量无序的信息中辨别出自己所需的信息，并能根据所掌握的信息知识、信息技能和信息检索工具，迅速有效地获取、利用信息，并创造出新信息的能力。
4、 信息道德
信息道德，是信息素养的准则，良好的信息道德是信息素养中不可缺少的一部分。信息道德，是指在组织和利用信息时，要树立正确的法制观念，增强信息安全意识，提高对信息的判断和评价能力，准确合理地使用信息资源。

小学六年级趣味语文知识竞赛试题的答案

第一题，1，恭，2公，3，工，4，攻，5，功 ，成语填空，蓦然回首，有口无心，贼喊捉贼，以讹传讹。 猝然而逝，有气无力，防不胜防，倚老卖老。 茫然四顾，有才无德，神乎其神，以德报德。 翩然而至，有眼无珠，痛定思痛，将计就计。 第二题，之一，1，不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中。2，长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。3，海上生明月，天涯共此时。4，欲把西湖比西子，浓妆淡抹总想宜。5，落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花。6，山山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。7，人生自古谁无死。留取丹心照汗青。8，好雨知时节，当春乃发生。

知网杯知识竞赛题库

学生全日在学校学习，或者大部分时间从事学习的一种教育制度。分全日制初、中、高三级学校教育。学生在国家规定的修业年限内，全日在校学习的教育形式称为全日制的教育。

什么是题录？在中国知网上怎么样找出文献的题录？急！求高人解答

题录就是文献的题名，作者，年份，卷期页码有时候包括摘要等信息，中国知网找到文献，然后方框内打勾，选择导出，就可以用参考文献格式等，导出这篇文献的题录信息