文学常识填空题及答案
1.被称作“前四史”的史书是：_________ 、_________ 、_________ 、和_________ 。 2.元曲四大家是：_________ 、_________ 、_________ 、和_________ 。 3.被鲁迅称为“晚清四大谴责小说”的是：_________ 、_________ 、_________ 、和_________ 。 4.莎士比亚的四大悲剧是：_________ 、_________ 、_________ 、和_________ 。 5.近体诗是对唐代形成的_________ 和_________ 的通称。前者共分四联，分别叫做_________ 、_________ 、_________ 、和_________ 。 6.桐城派是清代散文流派，被称为桐城三祖的是：_________ 、_________ 和_________ 。 7.沈从文是我国现代文学中有风格、有艺术个性的作家。他的作品题材广泛，文笔清丽，语言清新活泼。_________ 最具代表。 8.《欧也妮·葛朗台》、《高老头》是_________ 巴尔扎克的代表作 9.楚辞是屈原在楚歌的基础上再创造而形成的一种独特的新诗体。“楚辞体”又叫“_________ ”，由屈原_________ 而得名。 10.巴金的“激流三部曲”分别指_________ 、_________ 和_________ ，“爱情三部曲”分别指_________ 、_________ 和_________ 。 11._________ ，东晋著名诗人，他的田园诗被誉为“中国田园诗的基石”。 12.乐府始置于西汉，是掌管音乐的官署。后来人们把乐府官署采集、创作的歌辞，统称“_________ ”或“_________ ”。 13._________ 是北宋著名词人，他的词流传甚广，所谓“凡有井水饮处，即能歌柳词”。其代表作有《雨霖铃》、《八声甘州》等。 14.“三言二拍”是指明代冯梦龙的_________ 、_________ 、_________ 和凌蒙初的_________ 、_________ 。 15.谢灵运尝曰：“天下有才一石，曹子建独占八斗，我得一斗，天下共分一斗。”这“曹子建”就是_________ ，他的_________ 为历代传诵的名作。 16._________ 是我国第一部诗歌总集，收西周初期到春秋中叶的诗共 篇，分_________ 、_________ 、_________ 三类。其表现手法有_________ 、_________ 、 。 17.我国文学史上向来“风骚”并称，“风”指以“_________ ”为代表的《诗经》，它是我国最早的一部诗歌总集，也是我国诗歌现实主义的源头;“骚”指_________ ，它是以屈原为代表的我国诗歌浪漫主义传统的源头。 18._________ 和_________ 合称为“元曲”，与唐诗、宋词并举。 19.长篇叙事诗_________ 和北朝民歌_________ 都是汉乐府中的名篇，被誉为我国诗歌发展史上的“双璧”。 20.钱钟书是我国著名的学者、作家，著有长篇小说_________ ，散文集_________ 和_________ ，学术著作《管锥编》等，被世人誉为“文化昆仑”。 21.“_________ _________ ，_________ _________ ”，是鲁迅赞誉司马迁历史巨著和文学杰作《史记》的名言。 22.“_________ _________ ，_________ _________ ”，郭沫若这副对联写的是蒲松龄和他的文言短篇小说集《聊斋志异》。23.“身无彩凤双飞翼，_________ ”是唐代_________ 的诗句。 24.白居易是我国唐代继杜甫之后又一伟大的现实主义诗人，他主张“_________ _________ ，_________ _________ 。” 25.《红楼梦》又名_________ ，是中国古典现实主义小说发展的顶峰。全书共置120回，前80回为曹雪芹所作，后40回一般认为是_________ 续写。 26.“北宋三苏”指的是北宋文学家_________ 及其子_________ 、_________ 。 27.法国的_________ 、俄国的_________ 和美国的_________ 被誉为“世界三大短篇小说之王”。 28.我国第一部国别体史书是_________ ，第一部叙事详细完整的历史著作是_________ ，第一部纪传体通史是_________ ，第一部断代史是_________ 。 29.唐代古文运动是我国一次文体改革运动，到了宋代继续提倡这种改革，出现了被世人称诵的唐宋八大家：_________ 、_________ 、_________ 、_________ 、_________ 、_________ 、_________ 、_________ 。 30.古代私塾教育的四书五经分别是指：_________ 、_________ 、_________ 、 _________ 和_________ 、_________ 、_________ 、_________ 、_________ 、_________ 。 答案； 1.《史记》 《汉书》 《三国志》 《后汉书》 2.关汉卿 马致远 郑光祖 白朴 3.《官场现形记》 《儒林外史》 《二十年目睹之怪现状》 《孽海花》 4.《哈姆雷特》 《李尔王》 《奥赛罗》 《麦克白》 5.律诗 绝句 首联 颔联 颈联 尾联 6.方苞 刘大櫆 姚鼐 7.《边城》 8.巴尔扎克 9.骚体 《离骚》 10.《家》《春》《秋》 《雾》《雨》《电》 11.陶渊明 12.乐府诗 乐府 13.柳永 14.《喻世明言》 《警世通言》 《醒世恒言》《初刻拍案惊奇》 《二刻拍案惊奇》 15.曹植 《洛神赋》 16.《诗经》 305风 雅 颂 赋 比 兴 17.国风 《楚辞》 18.套曲 小令 19.《孔雀东南飞》 《木兰诗》 20.《围城》 《写在人生边上》 《写在人生边上》 21.史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚 22.写鬼写妖高人一等，刺贪刺虐入骨三分 23.心有灵犀一点通 李商隐 24.文章合为时而著，歌诗合为事而作 25. 《石头记》或《金玉缘》《风月宝鉴》 高鹗 26.苏洵 苏轼 苏辙 27.莫泊桑 契诃夫 欧·亨利 28. 《国语》 《左传》 《史记》 《汉书》 29.韩愈 柳宗元 欧阳修 王安石 苏洵 苏轼 苏辙 曾巩 30.《大学》 《论语》 《孟子》 《中庸》 《周易》 《诗经》 《尚书》 《礼记》 《春秋》
关于诗经，蒹葭的一些文学常识
原词《诗经· 蒹葭》欣赏
蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜。所谓伊人，在水一方。
遡洄从之，道阻且长。遡游从之，宛在水中央。
蒹葭凄凄，白露未晞。所谓伊人，在水之湄。
遡洄从之，道阻且跻。遡游从之，宛在水中坻。
蒹葭采采，白露未已。所谓伊人，在水之涘。
遡洄从之，道阻且右。遡游从之，宛在水中沚。
《蒹葭》是秦国的民歌，这是一首爱情诗，写在恋爱中一个痴情人的心理和感受，十分真实、曲折、动人。“蒹葭”是荻苇、芦苇的合称，皆水边所生。“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜”，描写了一幅秋苇苍苍、白露茫茫、寒霜浓重的清凉景色，暗衬出主人公身当此时此景的心情。“所谓伊人，在水一方”，朱熹《诗集传》：“伊人，犹彼人也。”在此处指主人公朝思暮想的意中人。眼前本来是秋景寂寂，秋水漫漫，什么也没有，可由于牵肠挂肚的思念，他似乎遥遥望见意中人就在水的那一边，于是想去追寻她，以期欢聚。“遡洄从之，道阻且长”，主人公沿着河岸向上游走，去寻求意中人的踪迹，但道路上障碍很多，很难走，且又迂曲遥远。“遡游从之，宛在水中央”那就从水路游着去寻找她吗，但不论主人公怎么游，总到不了她的身边，她仿佛就永远在水中央，可望而不可即。这几句写的是主人公的幻觉，眼前总是浮动着一个迷离的人影，似真不真，似假不假，不管是陆行，还是水游，总无法接近她，仿佛在绕着圆心转圈子。因而他兀自在水边徘徊往复，神魂不安。这显然勾勒的是一幅朦胧的意境，描写的是一种痴迷的心情，使整个诗篇蒙上了一片迷惘与感伤的情调。下面两章只换少许字词，反复咏唱。“未晞”，未干。 “湄”水草交接之处，也就是岸边。“跻”，升高。“右”，迂曲。“坻”和“沚”是指水中的高地和小渚。
这首诗三章都用秋水岸边凄清的秋景起兴，所谓“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜”，“蒹葭凄凄，白露未晞”，“蒹葭采采，白露未已”，刻划的是一片水乡清秋的景色，既明写了主人公此时所见的客观景色，又暗寓了他此时的心情和感受，与诗人困于愁思苦想之中的凄惋心境是相一致的。换过来说，诗人的凄惋的心境，也正是借这样一幅秋凉之景得到渲染烘托，得到形象具体的表现。王夫之《姜斋诗话》说：“关情者景，自与情相为珀芥也。情景虽有在心在物之分。而景生情，情生景，哀乐之触，荣悴之迎，互藏其宅”，这首诗就是把暮秋特有的景色与人物委婉惆怅的相思感情交铸在一起，从而渲染了全诗的气氛，创造的一个扑朔迷、情景交融的意境。另外，《蒹葭》一诗，又是把实情实景与想象幻想结合在一志，用虚实互相生发的手法，借助意象的模糊性和朦胧性，来加强抒情写物的感染力的。“所谓伊人，在水一方”，这是他第一次的幻觉，明明看见对岸有个人影，可是怎么走也走不到她的身边。“宛在水中央”，这是他第二次的幻觉，忽然觉得所爱的人又出现在前面流水环绕小岛上，可是怎么游也游不到她的身边。那个倩影，一会儿“在水一方”，一会儿“在水中央”；一会儿在岸边，一会儿在高地。真是如同在幻景中，在梦境中，但主人公却坚信这是真实的，不惜一切努力和艰辛去追寻她。这正生动深刻地写出了一个痴情者的心理变态，写出了他对所爱者的强烈感情。而这种意象的模糊和迷茫，又使全诗具有一种朦胧的美感，生发出韵味无穷的艺术感染力。
大一上学期古代文学考试试题
古代文学考试试题
一,先秦文学
1. 《尚书》天命观念的基本内涵和特色是什么
2. 《易经》在以象达意方面有什么特征
3. 《诗三百》在中国诗歌史上的主要意义何在
4. 屈原浪漫主义精神的基本实质是什么
5. 比较《左氏春秋》跟《战国策》的不同特质,并由此检讨学术史上有关《左氏春秋》的认识有什么偏颇.
6. 为什么我们必须从中国学术文化发展的大统中把握《左氏春秋》的性质
7. 把《论语》论说"仁"的片断全部找出来编在一起,由此研讨"仁"的内涵以及孔子思想在这一方面的得失.
8. 由《论语》和《孟子》来看孔子和孟子两个形象的特点及其差异.
9. 《庄子》的浪漫主义精神跟屈原的浪漫主义精神有何本质上的异同
10. 怎样区分《韩非子》的寓言和故事 《韩非子》寓言的特色是什么
秦汉文学
1. 为什么赋这一种文体会在汉代盛行
2. 以《子虚赋》,《上林赋》为例,分析汉大赋的美学价值.
3. 为什么汉初会是一个散文家活跃的时期
4. 《史记》所采用的"互见法"对人物塑造有什么意义
5. 试比较汉乐府民歌与《诗经》中民歌的异同.
6. 试以《古诗十九首》中的一篇作品为例,分析其艺术特色.
7. 分析《古诗十九首》的内容,艺术与中国传统文人生活之间的关系.
魏晋南北朝文学
1, 魏晋南北朝文学在文学史的地位.
2, 魏晋文学与南朝文学在发展上的连续性与变迁之处.
3, 三曹父子个性,思想与文风之比较.
4,阮籍《咏怀诗》卓越的艺术创造及其成因.
5,西晋文学的特点.
6,如何理解玄言诗的出现.
7,如何认识陶渊明的隐逸.
8,为何说谢灵运为山水诗的开创者,谢氏之前山水诗创作的情况.
9,鲍照的寒素意识,才华,遭遇中所反映的社会问题.
10,谢朓与永明诗人群体.
11,宫体诗现象之认识.
12,魏晋南北朝民歌对文人诗的影响.
13,魏晋南北朝小说的在中国古代小说发展史的上地位.
大一上学期古代文学考试试题
古代文学考试试题 一,先秦文学 1. 《尚书》天命观念的基本内涵和特色是什么 2. 《易经》在以象达意方面有什么特征 3. 《诗三百》在中国诗歌史上的主要意义何在 4. 屈原浪漫主义精神的基本实质是什么 5. 比较《左氏春秋》跟《战国策》的不同特质,并由此检讨学术史上有关《左氏春秋》的认识有什么偏颇. 6. 为什么我们必须从中国学术文化发展的大统中把握《左氏春秋》的性质 7. 把《论语》论说"仁"的片断全部找出来编在一起,由此研讨"仁"的内涵以及孔子思想在这一方面的得失. 8. 由《论语》和《孟子》来看孔子和孟子两个形象的特点及其差异. 9. 《庄子》的浪漫主义精神跟屈原的浪漫主义精神有何本质上的异同 10. 怎样区分《韩非子》的寓言和故事 《韩非子》寓言的特色是什么 秦汉文学 1. 为什么赋这一种文体会在汉代盛行 2. 以《子虚赋》,《上林赋》为例,分析汉大赋的美学价值. 3. 为什么汉初会是一个散文家活跃的时期 4. 《史记》所采用的"互见法"对人物塑造有什么意义 5. 试比较汉乐府民歌与《诗经》中民歌的异同. 6. 试以《古诗十九首》中的一篇作品为例,分析其艺术特色. 7. 分析《古诗十九首》的内容,艺术与中国传统文人生活之间的关系. 魏晋南北朝文学 1, 魏晋南北朝文学在文学史的地位. 2, 魏晋文学与南朝文学在发展上的连续性与变迁之处. 3, 三曹父子个性,思想与文风之比较. 4,阮籍《咏怀诗》卓越的艺术创造及其成因. 5,西晋文学的特点. 6,如何理解玄言诗的出现. 7,如何认识陶渊明的隐逸. 8,为何说谢灵运为山水诗的开创者,谢氏之前山水诗创作的情况. 9,鲍照的寒素意识,才华,遭遇中所反映的社会问题. 10,谢朓与永明诗人群体. 11,宫体诗现象之认识. 12,魏晋南北朝民歌对文人诗的影响. 13,魏晋南北朝小说的在中国古代小说发展史的上地位.
外国文学试题：名词解释 哲理小说
哲理小说是法国启蒙作家创立的一种新型小说。这种小说虽有人物、情节，但它不注意环境与人物的细致描写，它以人物活动为主线，穿插描写了多方面的内容，把叙事、议论、抒情、讽刺融为一体，表现作家关于政治、法律、道德、文学方面的启蒙观点，富于哲理性。
哲理小说是18世纪启蒙作家创立的一种独特的文学形式。它的目的不在于全面的描写个性和细致的描写历史环境，而在于以具有鲜明的政治倾向性和教诲性的形式，使读者了解作者政治观点和哲学思想。它常常通过传奇的故事来影射、讽刺社会现实，反对封建专制制度，阐明哲理和宣传启蒙思想。其手法灵活多样，语言简洁，生动活泼；但由于忽视典型人物形象的刻画和描写，小说中的主人公往往成为作者哲学思想的代言人，因此作品也就缺乏艺术感染力。如孟德斯鸠的《波斯人信札》、狄德罗《拉摩的侄儿》、伏尔泰的《老实人》、《天真汉》等。
摘录重点即可。
明代文学试题及答案
一、填空题： 1、《项脊轩志》是▁▁▁▁▁的名篇。（归有光） 2、在晚明的诗歌、散文领域中，以（ ）的声势最为浩大。 （公安派） 3、公安派理论的核心口号是（ ） （独抒性灵） 4、《牡丹亭》、《南柯记》、《邯郸记》、《紫钗记》，合称为“ ”（临川四梦） 二、名词解释： 1、公安派： 在晚明的诗歌、散文领域中，以“公安派”的影响最为浩大。其代表人物是袁宗道、袁宏道、袁中道三兄弟，由于他们是湖北公安人，因此称为“公安派”。 2、性灵说 为了评击七子派的复古之风，公安派的中坚人物袁宏道提出了“独抒性灵”的口号。所谓“独抒性灵”就是“从自己胸臆流出”的真感情的抒发。这种“性灵”与李贽的童心是一脉相承的，其唯一的标准就是真。 3、临川四梦： 是指汤显祖的四大传奇作品：《紫钗记》、《牡丹亭》、《南柯记》、《邯郸记》。因为汤显祖是江西临川人，他的上述四个剧本又都和梦幻有关，所以就被称为“临川四梦”。“临川四梦”不仅奠定了汤显祖在中国戏曲史上的重要地位，而且也在中国戏曲史上产生了重大影响。 4、童心说 所谓童心，即童子之心，即不含一丝一毫虚假的真心，是不受“道理”、“闻见”（指儒家的正统思想教条）熏染的心。李贽认为童心是一切作品创作的源泉，最是评价一切作品价值的首要甚至是唯一的标准。 5、四大奇书 神魔小说的代表作《西游记》与世情小说的代表作《金瓶梅》，与《三国演义》和《水浒传》并称为明代小说的“四大奇书”。 三、问答题： 1、简析《三国演义》中诸葛亮、曹操形象。 诸葛亮是“智绝”的典型。关羽被塑造为“义绝”的典型，当作义气的化身。曹操则是被当作一个反面人物、一个暴君来塑造的，是“奸绝”的典型。 2、试述《三国演义》的艺术成就。 《三国志演义》是我国历史上的第一部历史演义小说，也是第一部章回体长篇通俗小说。其艺术成就体现为：第一，虚实结合的写法。第二，宏伟而严谨的结构。第二独具魅亨的战争描写。第四，雅俗共赏的语言。 3、简析《水浒传》中宋江形象。 宋江是一个忠义性格最突出的代表。宋江形象的忠义矛盾，是其典型意义所在。 4、试述《水浒传》的艺术成就。 《水浒传》是第一部成功的长篇英雄传奇。艺术上取得了重要突破，主要表现为：第一，塑造了个性鲜明的人物形象。第二，标志着白话语体的基本成熟。第三，“板块”串联的结构。 5、试析《牡丹亭》中杜丽娘形象。 杜丽娘是一余光彩动人的女性形象。对爱情的追求经历了三个阶段，三次升华。表现了她追求爱情的坚强意志，也是剧作者汤显祖本人的“至情”观的体现。 6、《牡丹亭》的艺术成就主要表现在哪些方面？ 艺术成就：第一，塑造了众多典型形象。第二，洋溢着浓郁的抒情气氛，语言优美华丽。第三，讲究舞台效果。
英美文学选读试题及答案
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全国2003年4月高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试题[找答案]
作者：未知 文章来源：互联网 点击数：18 更新时间：2005-11-29
全部题目用英文作答，答案写在答题纸相应的位置上。
PART ONE
Ⅰ.Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)
Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write the answers on the answer sheet.
1. “For a week after the commission of the impious and profane offence of asking for more, Oliver remained a close prisoner in the dark and solitary room ...”(Dickens, Oliver Twist) What did Oliver ask for?
[A]More time to play. [B]More food to eat.
[C]More book to read. [D]More money to spend.
2. Mrs. Warren’s Profession is one of George Bernard Shaw’s plays. What is Mrs. Warren’s profession then ?
[A]Real estate. [B]Prostitution.
[C]House-keeping. [D]Farming.
3. Dr. Faustus is a play based on the German legend of a magician aspiring for
and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.
[A]immortality [B]political
[C]money [D]knowledge
4. The statement “A demanding mother turns away from her husband and gives all her affection to her sons” sums up the main plot of D. H. Lawrence′s .
[A]Lady Chatterley’s Lover [B]Women in love
[C]Sons and Lovers [D]The Plumed Serpent
5.“Come to me－come to me entirely now,” said he ; and added, in his deepest tone, speaking in my ear as his cheek was laid on mine, “Make my happiness－I will make yours.”
The above passage presents a scene in .
[A]Emily Bronte’s Withering Heights
[B]Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre
[C]John Galsworthy′s The Forsyte Saga
[D]Thomas Hardy′s Tess of the D′Urbervilles
6.Which of the following is NOT written by William Butler Yeats?
[A] “Sailing to Byzantium.” [B] “The Lake Isle of Innisfree.”
[C] “Leda and the Swan.” [D] “The Waste Land.”
7. “Drive my dead thought over the universe
Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth.”
(Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Ode to the West Wind”)
What rhetorical device does the poet use in the quoted lines?
[A]Synecdoche. [B]Metaphor.
[C]Simile. [D]Onomatopoeia.
8.Crusoe is the hero in The life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Grusoe, of York, Mariner (also known as Robinson Crusoe)by .
[A]Jonathan Swift [B]Daniel Defoe
[C]George Eliot [D]D.H.Lawrence
9. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is an epigrammatic line by .
[A]John Keats [B]William Blake
[C]William Wordsworth [D]Percy Bysshe Shelley
10.Christoper Marlow’s “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” is a (n) .
[A]pastoral lyric [B]elegy [C]eulogy [D]epic
11.Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance humanism?
[A]Cultivation of the art of this world and this life.
[B]Tolerance of human foibles.
[C]Search for the genuine flavor of ancient culture.
[D]Glorification of religious faith.
12. “In dream vision Arthur witnessed the loveliness of Gloriana, and upon awaking resolves to seek her.” The two literary figures Arthur and Gloriana are form .
[A]Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene
[B]William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet
[C]Christopher Marlowe’s “The Passionate Shepherd to His love”
[D]John Donne’s “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning”
13.Which of the following best describes the nature of Thomas Hardy’s later works?
[A]Sentimentalism. [B]Tragic sense.
[C]Surrealism. [D]Comic sense.
14. “...This grew: I gave commands;
Then all smiles stopped altogether....”
(Robert Browning, “My Last Duchess”)
The above lines imply that .
[A]the Duchess was killed by her husband
[B]the Duchess stopped smiling at her husband’s order
[C]the Duchess died of laughing too much
[D]the Duchess did not want to smile as much as her husband requested
15.In which of the following works can you find the proper names “Lilliput,” “Brobdingnag,” “Houyhnhnm,” and “Yahoo”?
[A]James Joyce’s Ulsses.
[B]Charles Dickens’s Bleak House.
[C]Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels.
[D]D. H. Lawrence’s Women in love.
16.As a literary figure, Belinda appears in Alexander Pope’s .
[A] “The Dunciad” [B] “An Essay on Man”
[C] “An Essay on Criticism” [D] “The Rape of the lock”
17. “The novel is structured around the discovery of the hero’s origin.” This novel is most probably .
[A]Charles Dickens’s David Copperfield
[B]James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
[C]Thomas Hardy’s Far from the Madding Growd
[D]Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones
18. “To wage by force or guile eternal war,
Irreconcilable to our grand Foe.”（John Milton, Paradise lost)
By what means were Satan and his followers to wage this war against God?
[A]By planting a tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden.
[B]By turning into poisonous snakes to threaten man’s life.
[C]By removing God from His throne.
[D]By corrupting man and woman created by God.
19. “When the evening is spread out against the sky
Like a patient etherized upon a table.”
(T. s. Eliot, “The Love song of J. Alfred Prufrock”)
What does the image in the quoted lines suggest?
[A]Violence. [B]Horror. [C]Inactivity. [D]Indifference.
20.Which of the following is NOT typical of metaphysical poetry best represented by John Donne’s works?
[A]Common speech. [B]Conceit.
[C]Argument. [D]Refined language.
21.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all of the following except .
[A]normal contemporary speech patterns
[B]humble and rustic life as subject matter
[C]elegant wording and inflated figures of speech
[D]intensely subjective feeling toward individual experience
22.In Samuel Taylor Coleridge′s “Kubla Khan,” “A sunny pleasure dome with caves of ice” .
[A]refers to the palace where Kubla Khan once lived
[B]vividly describes a building of poor quality
[C]is the gift given to a beautiful girl called Abyssinian
[D]symbolizes the reconciliation of the conscious and the unconscious
23.The hightide of Romanticism in American literature occurred around .
[A]1820 [B]1850 [C]1880 [D]1920
24.The subject matter of Robert Frost’s Poems focuses on .
[A] ordinary country people and scenes
[B]battle scenes of ancient Greek and Roman legends
[C]struggling masses and crowded urban quarters
[D]fantasies and mythical happenings
25.Which group of writers are among those who may be called early pioneers of American literature?
[A]Mark Twain and Henry James.
[B]Fenimore Cooper and Washington lrving.
[C]Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner
[D]Jack London and O’Henry.
26.To Theodore Dreiser, life is “so sad, so strange, so mysterious and so inexplicable.” No wonder the characters in his books are often subject to the control of the natural forces, especially those of and heredity.
[A]fate [B]morality
[C]social conventions [D]environment
27.Hawthorne generally concerns himself with such issues as in his fiction.
[A]the evil in man’s heart [B]the material pursuit
[C]the racial conflict [D]the social inequality
28. provides the main source of influence on American naturalism.
[A]The puritan heritage
[B]Howells’ ideas of realism
[C]Darwin’s theory of evolution
[D]The pioneer spirit of the wild west
29.In Mark Twain’s The Adventures of huckleberry Finn, Huck writes a letter to inform against Jim, the escaped slave, and then he tears the letter up. This fact reveals that .
[A]Huck has a mixed feeling of love and hate
[B]there is a conflict between society and conscience in Huck
[C]Huck is always an indecisive person
[D]Huck has very little education
30.Which terms can best describe the modernists’ concern of the human situation in their fiction?
[A]Fragmentation and alienation.
[B]Courage and honor.
[C]Tradition and faith.
[D]Poverty and desperation.
31.Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features except .
[A]a strict poetic form
[B]a simple and conversational language
[C]a free and natural rhythmic pattern
[D]an easy flow of feelings
32.All his novels reveal that, as time went on, Mark Twain became increasingly .
[A]prolific [B]artistic.
[C]optimistic [D]pessimistic
33.The poem “I like to see it lap the Miles－” is an interesting poem written by Emily Dickinson. What does “it” in the poem stand for?
[A]The hound. [B]The star.
[C]The horse. [D]The train.
34.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Henry James’s writing style?
[A] exquisite and elaborate language
[B]minute and detailed descriptions
[C]lengthy psychological analyses
[D]American colloquialism
35.In the beginning paragraph of Chapter 3, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald describes a big party by saying that “men and girls came and went like moths.” The author most likely indicates that .
[A]there was a crowd of party-goers
[B]such life does not have real meaning
[C]these people were light-hearted
[D]these were crazy and ignorant characters
36.In Hemingway’s “Indian Camp,” Nick, the main character, witnesses
[A]a tragic killing of the Indians by the white men
[B]real friendship between the white men and the Indians
[C]a senseless killing of each other
[D]terrible scenes of birth and death
37.Which one of the following statements is NOT true of William Faulkner?
[A]He is master of stream-of-consciousness narrative.
[B]His writing is often complex and difficult to understand.
[C]He often depicts slum life in New York and Chicago.
[D]He represents a new group of Southern writers.
38.American “Transcendentalists most typically believe that .
[A]man is divine in name [B]art is superior to life
[C]man can transform nature [D]poetry is the highest form of art
39.By the end of Sister Carrie, Dreiser writes, “It was forever to the pursuit of that radiance of delight which tints the distant hilltops of the world.” Dreiser implies that .
[A]there is a bright future lying ahead
[B]there is no end to man’s desire
[C]one should always be forward-looking
[D]happiness is found in the end
40.We can perhaps describe Emily Grierson in Faulkner’s short story “A Rose for Emily” in all the following ways except that .
[A]she is psychologically deformed
[B]she is wicked and morally corrupted
[C]she is a symbol of the Old South
[D]she is a prisoner and victim of the past
PART TWO
Ⅱ.Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)
Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
41. “The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,
And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave.
Awaits the inevitable hour.
The paths of glory lead but to the grave.”
Questions:
A. Identify the author and the title of the poem from which this passage is taken.
B. What does the phrase “inevitable hour” mean?
C. Write out the main idea of the passage in plain English.
42. “A violet by a mossy stone
Half hidden from the eye!
－Fair as a star, when only one
Is shining in the sky.”
Questions:
A. Identify the author and the title of the poem from which this stanza is taken.
B. Pick out the metaphor used in this stanza.
C. What quality does the author intend to show by using the metaphor?
43. “We passed The School, where Children strove
At Recess－in the Ring－
We passed The Fields of Gazing Grain
We passed The Setting Sun－”
Questions:
A. Who is the author of this stanza taken from the poem “Because I could not stop for Death－?
B. What do the underlined parts symbolize?
C. Where were “we” heading toward?
44. “It was you that broke the new wood.
Now is a time for carving.
We have one sap and one root－
Let there be commerce between us.”
Questions:
A. Whom does the “us” refer to?
B. What does the phrase “broke the new wood” mean here?
C. What is the intention of the poet in writing the poem “A Pact” from which these lines are taken?
Ⅲ.Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)
Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
45.In Chapter 15 of Wuthering Heights, Heath cliff said to Catherine: “Why did you betray your own, Cathy?... You loved me－then what right have you to leave me?... I have not broken your heart－you have broken it－and in breaking it, you have broken mine.”
Taking the whole novel into consideration, do you think Heathcliff’s above accusation of Catherine’s betrayal can be justified? If you think so, what reasons does Catherine have to betray Heathcliff and their love?
46.John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress is generally regarded as a religious allegory. What does the work symbolically concern? What is the predominant metaphor that is carried on through the whole work? And what is the author’s purpose in writing such a book?
47. The following passage is taken from The Merchant of Venice. Read it carefully and find the dramatic it contains. Use it as an example to illustrate what dramatic irony is.
“Bassanio: Antonio, I am married to a wife
Which is as dear to me as life itself;
But life itself, my wife, and all world,
Are not with me esteem’d above thy life;
I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all
Here to this devil, to deliver you.
Portia: Your wife would give you little thanks for that,
If she were by to hear you make the offer.”
48. What is the most famous theme in Henry James′s fiction? And what is his favourite approach in characterization, which makes him different from Mark and W. D. Howells as realists? Give two titles of his works in which this theme and this approach are employed.
Ⅳ.Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)
Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
49.In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen explored three kinds of motivations of marriage the middle-class people had in the second half of the 18th century. Try to make a brief discussion about them with specific examples from the novel. Make comments on Austen’s attitude towards these motivations.
50.Retell in a few sentences the story of the last chapter (Ch, 135) “The Chase－Third Day” of Melville’s novel Moby-Dick. Discuss the meaning of the ending of the story.