有机磷酸酯 (OPE) 作为阻燃剂和增塑剂的大规模使用已导致其在环境中的流行，但其更广泛的影响仍未知。本综述描述了海洋系统中 OPE 的迁移和发生，并总结了其生物地球化学和生态系统影响的新证据。通过大气和洋流的远距离环境传输将 OPE 从工业化地区分布到公海。OPE 在沿海地区最为普遍，但在北极和远离海岸的地区也发现了明显的浓度。空气-水相互作用对于将 OPE 运输到偏远海洋和极地地区很重要。颗粒结合化合物的降解和下沉等过程会调节水柱中 OPE 的性质和命运，它们可能是微生物群落的人为有机磷的未计算来源。一些 OPE 对海洋物种具有毒性作用，并且在鱼类和其他水生生物中存在可测量的数量。然而，关于 OPE 的生物累积和生物放大潜力存在相互矛盾的证据。未来的工作必须限制 OPE 对海洋生物群和生物地球化学的大规模影响，以支持更有效的监管和缓解。

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The large-scale use of organophosphate esters (OPEs) as flame retardants and plasticizers has led to their prevalence in the environment, with still unknown broader impacts. This Review describes the transport and occurrence of OPEs in marine systems and summarizes emerging evidence of their biogeochemical and ecosystem impacts. Long-range environmental transport via the atmosphere and ocean currents distributes OPEs from industrialized regions to the open ocean. OPEs are most prevalent in coastal regions, but notable concentrations are also found in the Arctic and regions far from shore. Air–water interactions are important for the transport of OPEs to remote oceans and polar regions. Processes such as degradation and sinking of particle-bound compounds modulate the properties and fate of OPEs in the water column, where they are potentially a non-accounted source of anthropogenic organic phosphorus for microbial communities. Some OPEs have toxic effects in marine species and are found in measurable quantities in fish and other aquatic organisms. However, there is conflicting evidence on the potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification of OPEs. Future work must constrain the large-scale impact of OPEs on marine biota and biogeochemistry to support more effective regulation and mitigation.