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Text 1

A group of Labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK “town of culture” award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city ... but they generally lack the resources to put together a bid to beat their bigger competitors. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.

Some might see the proposal as a booby prize for the fact that Britain is no longer able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought—after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008..., who knows what will follow village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?

It is also wise to recall that ...to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. ... But it can be done: Glasgow’s year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of a complex series of factors that have turned the city into the powerhouse of art, music and theatre that it remains today.

A “town of culture” could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town’s peculiarities—helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.

21. Copper and her colleague argue that a “town of culture” award would ______.

[A] consolidate the town city ties in Britain

[B] promote cooperation among Britain’s towns

[C] increase the economic strength of Britain’s towns

[D] focus Britain’s limited resources on cultural events

答案【C】increase the economic strength of Britain’s towns

解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词“town of culture”定位到第一段最后一句：A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs。所以本题选C。

22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as ______.

[A] a sensible compromise

[B] a self-deceiving attempt

[C] ...

[D] ...

答案【B】a self-deceiving attempt

解析：本题为细节题。其中a self-deceiving attempt是self-celebration的同义替换。所以本题选B。

23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it ______.

[A] endeavor to maintain its image

[B] meets the aspiration of its people

[C] brings its local arts to prominence

[D] commits to its long-term growth

答案【D】commits to its long-term growth

解析：本题为细节题。本题选D。

24. “Glasgow” is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present ______.

[A] a contrasting case

[B] a supporting example

[C] a background story

[D] a related topic

答案【B】a supporting example

解析：本题为例证题。

25. What is the author’s attitude towards the proposal?

[A] Skeptical

[B] Objective

[C] Favorable

[D] Critical

答案【C】Favorable

解析：本题为态度题。选C。

Text 2

Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.

With the content of ...when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.

The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of ...figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.

The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction...passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.

In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.

Yet the new system has not ... preparing an article. These range from around £500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing .... firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.

26. Scientific publishing is seen as “a licence to print money” partly because .

[A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase

[B] its marketing strategy has been successful

[C] its payment for peer review is reduced

[D] its content acquisition costs nothing

答案【D】its content acquisition costs nothing

解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词a licence to print money定位到第一段①句，但此句是第一段的论点句，因此需要在后面句子中找答案：第一段②句supply the articles without monetary reward和第一段③句perform the specialised work of peer review also for free。D项its content acquisition costs nothing是对这两句内容的概括。所以本题选D。

27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have .

[A] thrived mainly on university libraries

[B] gone through an existential crisis

[C] revived the publishing industry

[D] financed researchers generously

答案【A】thrived mainly on university libraries

解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Elsevier定位到第三段：The Dutch giant Elsevier … made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research。所以本题选A。

28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?

[A] Relieved.

[B] Puzzled.

[C] Concerned.

[D] Encouraged.

答案【D】Encouraged

解析：本题为态度题。本题选D。

29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms .

[A] allow publishers some room to make money

[B] render publishing much easier for scientists

[C] reduce the cost of publication substantially

[D] free universities from financial burdens

答案【A】allow publishers some room to make money

解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词open access terms定位到第五段③句：so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release。所以本题选A。

30. Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing model?

[A] Trial subscription is offered.

[B] Labour triumphs over status.

[C] Costs are well controlled.

[D] The few feed on the many.

答案【D】The few feed on the many.

解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词the scientific publishing model定位到第六段⑤句：huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places。所以本题选D。

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