摘要：(已更新)2021年考研初试科目已经结束，希赛网小编及时为大家整理了2021年MBA英语二真题及答案，希望对各位考生有所帮助，有意向报考工商管理硕士专业的同学可以具体地了解一下，详细内容如下：
以下是希赛网小编整理的2021年英语二真题及答案，已更新，答案仅供参考，以供考生学习与借鉴。
2021 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
It's not difficult to set targets for staff.It is much harder,_1_ tounderstand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors havemultiple components. 2_ one and the other become distorted.
Travel on a London bus and you'll_3_ see how this works with drivers. Watchpeople get on and show their tickets.Are they are carefully inspected? Never.Dopeople get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to 4 that peoplehave paid? Possibly,but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are 5 .How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.
Why Because the target is _6_.People complained that buses were late andinfrequent,_7_,the number of buses and bus lanes were increased,and driverswere_8_ or punished according to the time they took.And drivers hit theirtargets. But they _9_ cyclists.If the target was changed to_10_,you would havemore inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety,you would get more __11_ drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both thesecriteria would be at the expense of time.
There is another_12_:people become immensely inventive in hitting targets.Have you 13_ that you can leave on a fight an hour late but still arrive ontime? Tailwind? Of course not!Airlines have simply changed the time a _14_ ismeant to take.A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight .
The _15_ of the story is simple,Most jobs are multidimensional with multiplecriteria. Choose one criterion and you may well_16_others.Everything can be donefaster and made cheaper, but there is a_17_ .Setting targets can and does haveunforeseen consequences
This is not an argument against target-setting.But it is an argument forexploring consequences first.All good targets should have multiple criteria_18_critical factors such as time,money,quality and customer feedback.The trick is not to_19_just oneor even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand bow to helppeople better_20_ the objective .
1. A.therefore B.however C.again D.moreover
2. A.Emphasize B.Identify C.Assess D.Explain
3. A.nearly B.curiously C.eagerly D.quickly
4. A.claim B.prove C.check D.recall
5. A.threatened B.ignored C.mocked D.blamed
6. A.punctuality B.hospitality C.competition D.innovation
7. A.Yet B.So C.Besides D.Still
8. A.hired B.trained C.rewarded D.grouped
9. A.only B.rather C.once D.also
10. A.comfort B.revenue C.efficiency D.security
11. A.friendly B.quiet C.cautious D.diligent
12. A.purpose B.problem C.prejudice D.policy
13. A.reported B.revealed C.admitted D.noticed
14. A.break B.trip C.departure D.transfer
15. A.moral B.background C.style D.form
16. A.interpret B.criticize C.sacrifice D.tolerate
17. A.task B.secret C.product D.cost
18. A.leading to B.calling for C.relating to D.accounting for
19. A.specify B.predict C.restore D.create
20.A.modify B. review C. present D.achieve
答案：1-5BADCB 6-10ABCDB 11-15CBDBB 16-20CDCAD
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text bychoosing A,B,Cor D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. 40 points)
Text 1
"Reskilling" is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually arequirement if we plan to have a future in which a lot of would-be workers donot get left behind.We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demandwill change rapidly,as will the requirements of the jobs that remain.Research bythe World Economic Forum finds that on average 42 per cent of the"core skills"within job roles will change by 2022.That is a very short timeline.
The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one. For individualcompanies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are nolonger in demand and replace them with those whose skills are.That does notalways happen.AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company thatdecided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hirestrategy. Other companies had also pledged to create their own plans. When theskills mismatch is in the broader economy, though,the focus usually turns togovernment to handle.Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languidat best,and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employersbegging for workers,even at times and in regions where unemployment is high.
With the pandemic,unemployment is very high indeed. In February,at 3.5percent and 5.5 percent respectively,unemployment rates in Canada and UnitedStates were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere.As of May,those rates had spiked up to 13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent,and although manyworker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so.In the medical field, totake an obvious example,the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortagesof doctors, nurses and other medical personnel.
Of course,it is not like you can take and unemployed waiter and train him tobe a doctor in a few weeks.But even if you cannot close that gap,may be you canclose others,and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned.That seems tobe the case in Sweden: When forced to furlough 90 per cent of their cabin staff,Scandinavian Airlines decided to start up a short retraining program thatreskilled the laid-off workers to support hospital staff.The effort was acollective one and involved other companies as well as a Swedish university.
21.Research by the World Economic Forum Suggests_____.
[A] an urgent demand for new job skills
[B] an increase in full-time employment
[C] a steady growth of job opportunities
[D]a controversy about the"core skills"
答案∶ A
22. AT&T is cited to show_____.
[A] The characteristics of reskilling in programs
[B] The importance of staff appraisal standards
[C] An immediate need for government support
[D]An alternative to the five-and-hire standards
答案∶D
23.Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in Canada_____.
[A] have appeared to be insufficient
[B] have driven labour costs up
[C] have proved ti be inconsistent
[D] have met with fierce opposition
答案∶A
24. We can learn from Paragraph 3 that there was_____.
[A] a sign of economic recovery
[B] a call for policy adjustment
[C] a change in hiring practices
[D] a lack of medical workers
答案∶D
25.Scandinavian Airlines decided to_____.
[A] create job vacancies for the unemployed
[B] retrain their cabin staff for better services
[C] prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs
[D] finance their staffs' college education
答案∶C
Text 2
With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050,andforecasts that agricultural production in some regions will need to nearlydouble to keep pace,food security is increasingly making headlines.In the UK,ithas become a big talking point recently too,for a rather particular reason:Brexit.
Brexit is seen by some as an opportunity to reverse are recent trend towardsthe UK importing food. The country produces only about 60 per cent of the foodit eats, down from almost three-quarters in the late 1980s. A move back toself-sufficiency, the argument goes, would boost the farming industry, politicalsovereignty and even the nation's health. Sounds great - but how feasible isthis vision ?
According to a report on UK food production from the University of Leeds,85percent of the country's total land area is associated with meat and dairyproduction. That supplies 80 percent of what is consumed,so even covering thewhole country in livestock farms wouldnt allow us to cover all our meat anddairy needs.
There are many caveats to those figures, but they are still grave. To becomemuch more self-sufficient, the UK would need to drastically reduce itsconsumption of animal foods,and probably also farm more intensively—meaningfewer green fields,and more factory-style production.
But switching to a mainly plant-based diet wouldn't help. There is a goodreason why the UK is dominated by animal husbandry: most of its terrain doesn'thave the right soil or climate to grow crops on a commercial basis. Just 25percent of the country's land is suitable for crop-growing,most of which isalready occupied by arable fields.Even if we converted all the suitable land tofields of fruit and veg—which would involve taking out all he nature reservesand removing thousands of people from their homes—we would achieve only a 30percent boost in crop production .
Just 23 percent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currentlyhome-grown,so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 per centof our fresh produce needs. That is before we look for the space to grow thegrains,sugars, seeds and oils that provide us with the vast bulk of our currentcalorie intake.
26.Some people argue that food self-sufficiency in UK would_____.
[A] be hindered by its population growth
[B] become a priority of government
[C] pose a challenge to its farming industry
[D] contribute to the nation's well-being
答案∶D
27.The report by the university of leads shows that in the UK_____.
[A] farmland has been inefficiently utilized
[B] factory-style production needs reforming
[C] most land is used for meat and dairy production
[D] more green fields will be converted for farming
答案:C
28.Grop-growing in the UK restricted due to_____.
[A] its farming technology
[B]its dietary tradition
[C] its natural conditions
[D] its commercial interests
答案∶C
29.It can be learned from the last paragraph that British people?
[A] rely largely on imports for fresh produce
[B] enjoy a steady rise infrunt consumption
[C] are seeking effective ways to cut calorie intake
[D] are trying to grow new varieties of gains
答案∶A
30.The author's attitude to food self-efficiency in the UK is_____.
[A] defensive
[B] tolerant
[C] optimistic
[D] doubtful
答案∶D
Text 3
When Microsoft bought task management app Wunderlist and mobile calendarSunrise in 2015,it picked two newcomers that were attracting considerable buzzin Silicon Valley. Microsoft's own Office dominates the marketfor"productivity"software,but the star-ups represented a new wave of technologydesigned from the ground up for the smartphone world.
Both apps,however,were later scrapped after Microsoft said it had used theirbest features in its own products.Their teams of engines stayed on, making themtwo of the many"acqui-hires"that the biggest companies have used to feed theirgreat hunger for tech talent
To Microsoft's critics, the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise are examples of aremorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie intheir path."They bought the seedlings and closed them down,"complained PaulAmold a partner at San Francisco-based Switch Ventures, putting an end tobusinesses that might one day tum into competitors. Microsoft declined tocomment.
Like other start-up investors,Mr.Arnold's own business often depends onselling start-ups to larger tech companies,though he admits to mixed feelingsabout the result:"I think these things are good for me,if I put my selfish haton.But are they good for the American economy? I don't know."
The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answer to thatquestion.This week,it asked the five most valuable US tech companies forinformation about their many small acquisitions over the past decade.Althoughonly are search project at this stage,the request has raised the prospect ofregulators wading into early-stage tech markets that until now have been beyondtheir reach.
Given their combined market value of more than $5.5trillion, rifling throughsuch small deals-many of them much less prominent than Wunderlist andSunrise-might seem beside the point. Between them, the five biggest techcompanies have spent an average of only S 3.4 billion a year on sub-SI billionacquisitions over the past five years—a drop in the ocean compared with theirmassive financial reserves, and the more than S 130 billion of venture capitalthat was invested in the US last year.
However, critics say the big companies use such deals to buy their mostthreatening potential competitors before their businesses have a chance to gainmomentum,in some cases as part of a"buy and kill "tactic to simply close themdown.
31.What is true about Wunderlist and Sunrise after their acquisitions?
[A] Their market values declined.
[B] Their engineers were retained.
[C] Their tech features improved.
[D] Their products were re-priced.
答案∶B
32.Microsofts critics believe that the big tech companies tend to_____.
[A] exaggerate their product quality
[B] treat new tech talent unfairly
[C] eliminate their potential competitions
To Microsoft's critics, the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise are examples of aremorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie intheir path."They bought the seedlings and closed them down,"complained PaulAmold a partner at San Francisco-based Switch Ventures, putting an end tobusinesses that might one day turn into competitors. Microsoft declined tocomment.
Like other start-up investors,Mr.Arnold's own business often depends onselling start-ups to larger tech companies, though he admits to mixed feelingsabout the result:"I think these things are good for me,ifI put my selfish haton.But are they good for the American economy? I don’t know."
The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answer to thatquestion.This week,it asked the five most valuable US tech companies forinformation about their many small acquisitions over the past decade.Althoughonly are search project at this stage, the request has raised the prospect ofregulators wading into early-stage tech markets that until now have been beyondtheir reach.
Given their combined market value of more than S5.5trillion,rifling throughsuch small deals-many of them much less prominent than Wunderlist andSunrise-might seem beside the point. Between them, the five biggest techcompanies have spent an average of only $ 3.4 billion a year on sub-SI billionacquisitions over the past five years—a drop in the ocean compared with theirmassive financial reserves,and the more than S 130 billion of venture capitalthat was invested in the US last year.
However, critics say the big companies use such deals to buy their mostthreatening potential competitors before their businesses have a chance to gainmomentum,in some cases as part of a"buy and kill" tactic to simply close themdown.
31.What is true about Wunderlist and Sunrise after their acquisitions ?
[A] Their market values declined.
[B] Their engineers were retained.
[C] Their tech features improved.
[D] Their products were re-priced.
答案 ∶B
32.Microsofts critics believe that the big tech companies tend to_____.
[A]exaggerate their product quality
[B]treat new tech talent unfairly
[C] eliminate their potential competitions
[D] ignore public opinions
答案∶C
33.Paul Arnold is concerned that small acquisitions might
[A] weaken big tech companies
[B] worse market competition
[C]discourage start up investors
[D] harm the national economy
答案∶D
34.The US Federal Trade Commission intends to_____.
[A] supervise start-ups' operations
[B] encourage research collaboration
[C] limit Big Tech's expansion
[D] examine small acquisitions.
答案∶D
35.For the five biggest tech companies, their small acquisitions have_____.
[A] raised few management challenges
[B] brought little financial pressure
[C] Set an example for future deals
[D] generated considerable profits
答案∶ B
Text 4
We're fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slicesof experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to a five-minute interaction,anddeliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive. In one study of theability she dubbed"thin slicing,, the late psychologist Nalini Ambady askedparticipants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate theinstructor's overall effectiveness.Their ratings correlated strongly withstudents' end-of-semester ratings.Another set of participants had to countbackward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips, occupying theirconscious working memory. Their ratings were just as accurate,demonstrating theintuitive nature of the social processing.
Critically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasonsfor their judgment, before giving the rating. Accuracy dropped dramatically.Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues,such as certain gestures or utterances, rather than letting the complexinterplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression.She found similarinterference when participants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people andjudged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.
Other research shows we're better at detecting deception and sexualorientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead ofreflection."It's as if you're driving a stick shift," says Judith Hall, apsychologist at Northeaster University,"and if you start thinking about it toomuch,you can't remember what you're doing.But if you go on automaticpilot,you're fine. Much of our social life is like that."
Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences. Collegestudents' ratings of strawberry jams and college courses aligned better withexperts' opinions when the students weren't asked to analyze their rationale.Andpeople made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and morepersonally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than ondetails, but only if the decision was complex—when they had a lot of informationto process.
Intuition's special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances. Inone study, participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four thattapped reflective thinking(discerning rules, comprehending vocabulary)and fourthat tapped intuition and creativity(generating new products or figures ofspeech).Then they rated the degree to which they had used intuition(gutfeelings,""hunches,""my heart"). Use of their gut hurt their performance on thefirst four tasks,as expected,and helped them on the rest. Sometimes the heart issmarter than the head.
36.Nalini Ambaby's study deals with_____.
[A] instructor student interaction
[B] the power of people memory
[C] the reliability of first impression
[D] People's ability to influence others.
答案∶C
37.In Ambaby's study rating accuracy dropped when participants_____.
[A] gave the rating in limited time
[B] focused on specific detail
[C] watched shorter video clips
[D] discussed with on another
答案∶B
38.Judith Hall mentions driving to mention that_____.
[A] memory can be selective
[B] reflection can be distracting
[C] social skills must be cultivate
[D] deception is difficult to detect
答案∶B
39.When you are making complex decisions it is advisable to_____.
[A] follow your feelings
[B] list your preference
[C] Seek expert advice
[D] collect enough data
答案∶A
40.what can we ear from the last paragraph
[A] Intuition may affect reflective tasks
[B] Generating new products takes time
[C] Vocabulary comprehension needs creativity
[D] Objective thinking may boost inventiveness
答案∶A
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the mostsuitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). Thereare two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)
[A] Stay calm
[B] Stay humble
[C] Don't make judgments
[D] Be realistic about the risks
[E] Decide whether to wait
[F] Ask permission to disagree
[G] Identify a shared goal
How to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than You
Your boss proposes a new initiative you think won't work.Your seniorcolleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic.What do you saywhen you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decidewhether it's worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say?Here's how to disagree with someone more powerful than you.
41. ________________
You may decide it's best to hold of on voicing your opinion.Maybe you haven'tfinished thinking the problem through, the whole discussion was a surprise toyou,or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks.If you thinkother people are going to disagree too,you might want to gather your army first.People can contribute experience or information to your thinking— all the thingsthat would make the disagreement stronger or more valid. It's also a good ideato delay the conversation if you're in a meeting or other publicspace.Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel lessthreatened.
42.________________
Before you share your thoughts,think about what the powerful person caresabout — it may be"the credibility"of their team or getting a project done ontime.You're more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to ahigher purpose. When you do speak up, don't assume the link will be clear.You'll want to state it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you'reseen not as a disagreeable underling but as a colleague who's trying to advancea shared goal.The discussion will then become more like a chess game than aboxing match.
43.________________
This step may sound overly deferential, but, it's a smart way to give thepowerful person psychological safety and control You can say something like,"Iknow we seem to be moving toward a fist-quarter commitment here.I have reasonsto think that won't work.I'd like to lay out my reasoning. Would that beOK?"This gives the person a choice,allowing them to verbally opt in.And,assumingthey say yes it ill make you feel more confident about voicing yourdisagreement.
44.________________
You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red,but do whatever youcan to remain neutral in both your words and actions. When your body languagecommunicates reluctance oranxiety,it undercuts the message.It sends a mixed message,and yourcounterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breaths can help,as can speakingmore slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky we tend to talk louder andfaster. Simply slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps calm the otherperson down and does the same for you. It also makes you seem confident, even ifyou aren't.
45.________________
Emphasize that you're offering your opinion, not gospel truth.It may be awell-informed well-researched opinion,but it's still an opinion,my talktentatively and slightly understate your confidence.Instead of saying somethinglike,"If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we'll never make it,"say,"This isjust my opinion,but I don't see how we will make that deadline."Having assertedyour position ((as a position,not as a fact), demonstrate equal curiosity aboutother views.Remind the person that this is your point of view,and then invitecritique.Be genuinely open to hearing other opinions.
答案∶
42. E. Decide whether to wait
43. G. Identify a shared goal
44. F. Ask permission to disagree
45. A. Stay calm
45. B. Stay humble
Section III Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on theANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest sources ofconnection, laughter and warmth. While that may well be true,researchers havealso recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost inmood and felings of belonging that we didn't expect.
In one series of studies, researchers instructed Chicago-area commuters usingpublic transportation to strike up a conversation with some one near them. Onaverage, participants who followed the instruction felt better than those whohad been told to stand or sit in silence. The researchers also argued that whenwe shy away from casual interaction with strangers, it is often due to amisplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the time,however,this belief is false.As it turns out, many people are actually perfectlywilling to talk— and may even be flattered to receive your attention.
参考译文
我们往往认为朋友和家人是我们交流、快乐和温馨的重要源泉。虽然这很可能是真的，但研究人员最近也发现，与陌生人交流实际上会出乎意料地改善我们情绪和增强归属感。
在一系列研究中，研究人员让芝加哥地区的乘客利用乘坐公共交通工具时与周边的人大胆交流。普遍的结果是∶遵循这一建议的乘客(参与者)比那些建议独自站立或静坐的感觉要好。研究人员还认为，我们之所以羞涩与陌生人在日常生活中展开交流，往往因为一种无谓的焦虑，即认为他们不想和我们沟通。然而，很多时候，这种观点是错误的。研究结果证明∶许多人实际上非常愿意交谈——甚至可能会因为得到你的关注而自满。
Section IV Writing
Part A
47.Directions:
suppose you are organizing an online meting. Write an email to Jack,aninternational student, to
1) invite him to participate, and
2) tell him the details
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name.Use "Li Ming"instead.
Do not write your address.(10 points)
参考译文∶
Dear Jack,
How are you doing recently? I hope everything goes well.I am writing toinvite you take part in an online meeting. Here I have some details.
The meeting is scheduled to start at5:00 next Friday afternoon and it willlast for about one hour.During the meeting,we will discuss the proposal oforganizing the winter camp this year. And some students from other countrieswill join in it.You,as an international students,should know them better thanus.
That's all.And I really hope you could share your ideas.If you have anyquestion,please contact me.
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,,you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2)give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
参考译文∶
The bar chart above presents us clearly the result of a survey about howpeople in a certain city do physical exercise.As we can see,doing sport alonetakes up 54.3%,ranking on the top. What comes next is to exercise withfriends.The proportions of staying with family and joining in a certainassociation for exercise are 23.9% and 15.8% respectively.
Through the analysis of the figures, we can get the conclusion that peopleare paying more and more attention to doing sports trough various aces.No matterwhat way, hey would catch any chance to improve their health condition. Behindthis phenomenon, there exist several
factors.Firstly, with the improvement of living standard, people begin toemphasize the quality of life.Another factor is that people can do sport withmore time thanks to the development of our economy. Certainly, doing exercise itthe most effective way to relax ourselves from my perspective.
Based on all above,it concluded that we should do more sports whenpermitted.And I believe there will more ways to be created for people to dophysical exercise.