SectionI Use of English

Directions：

Read the following text.Choose the best word （s） for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or Don the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）

People have speculated forcenturies about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics,writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A fewwealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in animpoverished wasteland.

A different and not mutuallyexclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 , peoplewill simply become lazy and depressed. 6, today’s unemployed don’t seem to behaving a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans whohave been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double therate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising ratesof mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educatedmiddle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.

But it doesn’t  11follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled withunease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a societybuilt on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designedwith other ends in mind could  14 strikingly different circumstanced forthe future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bitoverblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of humanpotential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Irelandin Galway.

These days, because leisuretime is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time tocounterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I comehome from a hard day’s work, I often feel  18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “Ina world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhapsdifferent enough to throw himself  19 a hobby or a passion project withthe intensity usually reserved for  20 matters.

1.[A] boasting                   [B] denying                 [C] warning                      [D] ensuring

[答案][C] warning

2.[A] inequality                  [B]instability               [C]unreliability                  [D]uncertainty

[答案][A] inequality

3.[A] policy                      [B]guideline                      [C]resolution              [D]prediction

[答案][D] prediction

4.[A] characterized              [B]divided                        [C] balanced               [D]measured

[答案][A] characterized

5.[A] wisdom                   [B]meaning                [C] glory                          [D] freedom

[答案][B] meaning

6.[A] Instead                           [B] Indeed                 [C]Thus                      [D] Nevertheless

[答案][B] Indeed

7.[A]rich                          [B]urban                 [C]working                [D]educated

[答案][C] working

8. [A]explanation               [B] requirement           [C] compensation         [D] substitute

[答案][A] explanation

9.[A] under                               [B]beyond                 [C] alongside              [D] among

[答案][D] among

10.[A] leave behind                   [B]make up                [C] worryabout          [D] set aside

[答案][C] worry about

11.[A] statistically             [B]occasionally           [C]necessarily                   [D]economically

[答案][C] necessarily

12.[A] chances                   [B]downsides            [C] benefits                  [D] principles

[答案][B] downsides

13.[A] absence                  [B] height                  [C] face                      [D]course

[答案][A] absence

14.[A] disturb                          [B] restore                 [C] exclude                       [D] yield

[答案][D] yield

15.[A] model                           [B] practice               [C] virtue                    [D] hardship

[答案][C] virtue

16.[A] tricky                    [B]lengthy               [C]mysterious                     [D] scarce

[答案][D] scarce

17.[A] demands                 [B]standards               [C] qualities                      [D]threats

[答案][A] demands

18.[A] ignored                  [B]tired                    [C] confused              [D]starved

[答案][B] tired  

19.[A] off                          [B]against                  [C]behind                        [D] into

[答案][D] into

20.[A]technological            [B] professional           [C]educational           [D]interpersonal

[答案][B] professional

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions：

Read the following four texts. Answer thequestions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET. （40 points）

Text 1

EverySaturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km aroundtheir local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and hasinspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed bythousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents； their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s worldrecord 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.

Parkrunis succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago onMonday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be inLondon. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would beto level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population wouldbe fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The numberof adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are nowfalling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupilsdoing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risenamong adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.

Parkunis not a race but a time trial： Your onlycompetitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy overa puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about toptalent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more peopledoing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up： The stress on success over taking part wasintimidating for newcomers.

Indeed,there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in theplanning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sportsassociations. If there is a role for government, it should really be gettinginvolved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playingfields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provisionof all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presidedover selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and decliningattention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, futuregovernments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Orat least not make them worse.

21.Accordingto Paragraph1, Parkrun has ______.

[A]gained great popularity

[B]created many jobs

[C]strengthened community ties

[D]become an official festival

[答案][A] gained great popularity

22.Theauthor believes that London’s Olympic“legacy” has failed to ______.

[A]boost population growth

[B]promote sport participation

[C]improve the city’s image

[D]increase sport hours in schools

[答案][B] promote sport participation

23.Parkrunis different from Olympic games in that it ______.

[A] aimsat discovering talents

[B]focuses on mass competition

[C] doesnot emphasize elitism

[D] doesnot attract first-timers

[答案][C] does not emphasize elitism

24.Withregard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should ______.

[A]organize “grassroots” sports events

[B]supervise local sports associations

[C]increase funds for sports clubs

[D]invest in public sports facilities

[答案][D] invest in public sports facilities

25.Theauthor’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is ______.

[A]tolerant

[B]critical

[C]uncertain

[D]sympathetic

[答案][B] critical

Text 2

With somuch focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget abouttheir own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says JennyRadesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there topromote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lotof bleed-over into the family routine. ”

Radeskyhas studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by givingmother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sueddevices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percentfewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separateobservation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be makingexcited bids for their attention.

Infantsare wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and ifthose faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in adevice—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the“still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal waybefore putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual socialfeedback； Thechild becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’sattention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, butthere needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive toa child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.

On theother hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use ofscreens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parentsshould always be interacting” with their children： “It’sbased on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideologythat says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you areneglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learningfrom the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it givesparents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from theirchild. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to afriend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, whichlets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.

26.Accordingto Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.

[A]simplify routine matters

[B]absorb user attention

[C]better interpersonal relations

[D]increase work efficiency

[答案][B] absorb user attention

27.Radesky’sfood-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.

[A]takes away babies’ appetite

[B]distracts children’s attention

[C]slows down babies’ verbal development

[D]reduces mother-child communication

[答案][D] reduces mother-child communication

28.Radesky’scites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.

[A] itis easy for children to get used to blank expressions

[B]verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange

[C]children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood

[D]parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs

[答案][D] parents need to respond to children’semotional needs

29.Theoppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.

[A]protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies

[B]teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year

[C]ensure constant interaction with their children

[D]remain concerned about kid’s use of screens

[答案][C] ensure constant interaction with theirchildren

30.Accordingto Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.

[A] givetheir parents some free time

[B] maketheir parents more creative

[C] helpthem with their homework

[D] helpthem become more attentive

[答案][A] give their parents some free time   来源：文都教育