考研英语翻译部分难度大，考生要想掌握翻译的精髓就得加强对真题的研究和理解。新东方在线特别分享考研英语翻译历年真题解析，我们详细的来分析下历年真题，找到突破口：

1999年

Directions:

Read the following passage carefully andthen translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must bewritten clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II.

(71) While there are almost as many definitions of history as thereare historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees historyas the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historiansdetermines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search theevidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequentlypartial or partisan. The irony of the historian' s craft is that itspractitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to anunending process .

(72) Interest in historical methods has arisen less through externalchallenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and morefrom internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history oncerevered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciencesseemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providingrewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social sciencemethodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy ofhistorical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. (73) During this transfer ,traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologiesdesigned to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.

Methodology is a term that remainsinherently ambiguous in the historical profession. (74 )There is no agreement whether methodology refers to theconcepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniquesappropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians,especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have beenaccused of "tunnel method , " frequently fall victim to the"technicist fallacy. " Also common in the natural sciences , thetechnicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certainparts of its technical implementation.(75 ) It applies equally to traditional historians who view history asonly the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social sciencehistorians who equate their activity with specific techniques.

精美译文：

（71）几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。由于受时间和地点的限制，每一代史学家都要重新判断过去哪些史料对其有重要价值。在这种探索中所发现的证据总是不完整的、零碎的，而且常常是有偏见的或带有派别意识的。实际从事历史研究的人总是知道，他们的努力只不过是为永无止境的探索过程添砖加瓦，这就使其工作颇具讽刺意味。

（72）人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。尽管历史学曾经崇尚它与文学和哲学的相似性，但新兴的社会科学似乎为人们提出新问题和提供了解过去的有效途径开辟了更为广阔的天地。社会科学研究的方法必须改变以适应这样一条指导，即以史料为基础，而不是为当代社会之需。（73）在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。

在历史学界，方法论这个词从来都是模棱两可的。（74）所谓方法论究竟是指一般的历史研究研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。史学家，尤其是那些局限于他们的研究兴趣，以致被指责为“单方同研究法”的史学家，常常成了“单纯技术方法论”的牺牲品。这种谬论在自然科学领域里也是屡见不鲜的，它错误地把整个学科与学科研究的某些操作方法等同起来。（75）这种谬论同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派;前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论;后者认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。

题目解析：

71) While there are almost as manydefinitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closelyconforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain thesignificant events of the past.

结构分析：

71) 让步状语从句While // there // are // almost 并列结构1 as many // definitions of history // 并列结构2as // there // are // historians, // 主句modern practice// most closely conforms to // one // （指代关系） 定语从句that// sees history as // the attempt // 多重定语to recreate / and 省略结构（to）explain // the 前置定语significant events / 介词短语作后置定语of the past.

词义推敲：

While 虽然，尽管

as many … as …和……一样多，多达……

modernpractice 现代实践

practice：a habitualor customary action or way of doing something 习惯习惯性或惯例性的行为或办事方式

most closelyconforms to 最符合于

conform：to correspondin form or character; be similar 一致在形式或特征上相符；相似

one：指代“definition”，译作“一个定义”。

attempt：an effort ora try 企图或努力

to recreate 再现，重现（不能说重新创造历史）

events 事件，结合上下文引申为史实

参考译文：

几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代实践最符合其中一个定义，这个定义把历史学看来是试图再现和解释过去的重大历史事件.

得分重点

让步状语从句，并列结构，定语从句，省略结构

72) Interest in historical methods hasarisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as anintellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historiansthemselves.

结构分析：

72) 主语Interest // 多重定语in historicalmethods // 谓语has arisen // 并列结构1less through // 多重定语external challenge / to thevalidity of / history / as an intellectual discipline // 并列结构2 and more from // 多重定语internal quarrels /among historians themselves （指代关系）.

词义推敲：

Interest inhistorical methods （人们）对历史（研究）方法的关注（兴趣）

less through … and morefrom … “更少是通过……