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专题24 语法填空之无提示词年份 2022年 2021年卷区 新高考 全国卷 新高考 全国卷I卷 II卷 乙卷 甲卷 I卷 II卷 乙卷 甲卷体裁 说明文 记叙文 说明文 记叙文 说明文 记叙文 说明文 记叙文主题 中国政府计划建立大熊猫国家公园 正在修车的Henry拯救了小男孩的故事 中国商会博物馆庆祝第一个国际茶日 一名有视力障碍的北京男子徒步旅行“一路一带”事情 介绍黄山的云海、温泉及台阶 作者为了保护环境,减少使用塑料垃圾 介绍新兴生态旅游的概念、起源及原则 介绍作者浏览西安长城的活动有提示词 谓语动词 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 2非谓语动词 2 2 4 3 0 2 2 2名词 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1形容词 0 1 1 2 3 2 2 2副词 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0数词 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0代词 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0无提示词 介词 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1冠词 1 1 0 1 1 1 1连词 1 1 1 1 1 1 1其他词 1(定语从句关系代词) 1(特殊疑问词) 0 1(定语从句关系代词) 1(主语从句关系代词) 1(定语从句关系代词) 0 0『命题专家谈高考』【考纲解读】语法填空旨在通过语篇测试考生的英语语言知识与技能,将语法考查提高到语篇层次,在完整、真实、综合的语境中多角度考查考生运用语法知识理解篇章的能力。语法填空考查形式分为有提示词(7个)和无提示词(3个)两种形式。有提示词多考查实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)的词性转换和基本用法,如动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致;名词的数;形容词和副词的比较等级等。无提示词多考查虚词的用法,主要考查介词、冠词和连词等。【备考建议】1.该题型以后会更加突出语篇,强调运用。因此,考生要及时转变观念,关注语法在语篇中的交际使用情况,将学习英语的关注点转移到语言的实际运用上来。2.同时,还要加强语篇逻辑分析能力和精细阅读能力的培养,继续重视语言运用的准确性。3.语法和词汇知识是综合运用语言能力的基础,要与真实的交际场景和语篇运用紧密结合。微技能一 如何确定填冠词思维定向 典题试做 解题原则1.不定冠词a/an 1.A child born in the US today has _________ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.2.Chinese scientists have created the world’s first light-based quantum (量子) computer, called Jiuzhang.It’s ________ breakthrough in the field after Google completed its quantum computer last year. 分析句子结构, 发现空格后有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑不定冠词a/an。用不定冠词a/an的常考点:(1)泛指一类人与物,表示“一”的概念;(2)在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。2.定冠词the 3.Due to ____________ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.4.The plum trees are ____________ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.5.In old age.Mrs.Johnson became ________ most celebrated of the small excellent group of black women who at midcentury served as mathematicians for the space agency. 分析句子结构, 发现空格后有名词,搭配后表示特指时,应考虑定冠词the用定冠词the的常考点:(1)特指某人或某事;(2)用在序数词或最高级前或有only, very, same 等修饰的名词前;(3)用在世界上独一无二的东西及某些专有名词前;(4)用在西洋乐器名词前,如piano, violin等;(5)用在“逢十”的年代前,表示“在某世纪几十年代”。3.固定搭配中的冠词 6.It took us about 3 hours to go all ____________ way around the Xi’an City Wall.7.In the film, Michael Wood, one of BBC’s most popular hosts, visited ________ number of Chinese cities to retrace Du’s steps.8.Before answering the question, let’s take ________ look at students studying in China.9.In a sometimes callous (冷漠的) world where people can be so focused on what they’re doing, a random act of kindness can make ________ difference. 固定搭配或抽象名词具体化的名词前用冠词(1)定冠词用在固定搭配中,如:at the same time, on the contrary, to tell the truth, in the distance,make the most/best of, on the spot等。(2)不定冠词用在固定搭配中,如:catch a cold, have a fever,all of a sudden, as a matter of fact,as a result, have a gift for,make a living, give sb a lift,have a good knowledge of等。(3)动词(catch/take/hit等)+sb+介词+the+身体部位。答案1.a[考查冠词。根据下文的chance 可知,这里语意表示“非常实际的一个可能性”,故填不定冠词,表示泛指。]2.a[考查冠词。句意:这是谷歌去年完成量子计算机之后在这一领域的一个突破。分析句子可知,句中“breakthrough”意为“突破,重大进展”,为可数名词,句中泛指一个突破,故应用不定冠词修饰,breakthrough单词音标的第一个音素为辅音音素,故应用不定冠词a。]3.the[考查冠词。名词popularity后有定语,故其前应用定冠词the表特指,the growing popularity of...“……的日益流行”。]4.the[考查冠词。句意:雪还在融化时,梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指,所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。]5.the[考查冠词。句意:在晚年。约翰逊夫人是本世纪中叶为数不多的优秀黑人女性中最著名的一位,她们在太空总署担任数学家。设空处后为最高级,故设空处应用定冠词the。]6.the[考查冠词。all the way为固定短语,意为“一直,一路上”。]7.a[考查冠词。句意:在这部影片中,英国广播公司最受欢迎的主持人之一Michael Wood访问了中国多个城市,追溯杜甫的脚步。由句意可知,此处表“许多”,a number of...(许多……),用不定冠词a。]8.a[考查固定搭配。句意:在回答这个问题之前,让我们先来看看在中国学习的学生。take a look at意为“看一看……”,为固定搭配。]9.a[考查冠词。句意:在一个人们可能非常专注于他们做的有时很无情的世界里,一个随意的善举可能会有很大的影响。make a difference“有作用;有影响”,是固定短语。]微技能二 如何确定填介词思维定向 典题试做 解题原则1.句意明,辨成分1.The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist ____________ earth,Mother Nature.2.Museums must compete ____________ people’s spare time and money with other amusements.3.Du Fu:China’s Greatest Poet, a 58-minute film released recently on BBC introduces Du Fu to the Western world for the first time ________ the form of documentary.4.You can also gain some insight ________ the city’s present and future by experiencing modern leisure. 若空格后是名词、代词或动名词, 且它们在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时考虑介词。(1)分析句子结构, 发现空格放在名词前后时, 应考虑名词与介词的搭配。(2)分析句子结构, 发现空格放在不及物动词后、名词前时, 应考虑动词与介词的搭配。(3)分析句子结构, 发现空格放在形容词或名词后名词前时, 应考虑形容词或名词与介词的搭配。2.介词多义看语境 5.Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ____________ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.6.This aging of the population is driven ____________ two factors.7.First celebrated ________ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区).8.But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer ____________ this question is not clear.9.The celebration includes congratulations ________ students, recommending outstanding teachers, the exchange of ideas among teachers, and so on.10.Masterpieces such as Along the River During the Qingming Festival were projected on the roofs, giving visitors a feeling like walking ________ time.11.Within the sleeper carriage, ____________ little else to do, people talk or play cards, and soon a small community develops among the passengers.12.Modern methods ____________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.13.If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ____________ dinner,get a few cooking tips from her. 1.注意下列介词在用法上的区别(1)表示时间的in, on, at①in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等。②on表示星期几或某一特定的日期。③at表示某个时间点、时刻等。(2)表示方位的through和across①through表示“从……的内部穿过”。②across表示“从……表面穿过”。(3)表示交通方式的by和on/in①by后可直接跟涉及交通工具的单数名词,名词前不加冠词。②on/in后跟交通工具时,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。(4)表示“用……”的by, in, with①by指“靠……手段,用……方法,凭借……”,后可接名词、代词或动名词。②in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前。③with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。(5)of 表示所属关系,“……的”“of+n.”相当于该名词对应的形容词2.注意常考介词的用法(1)表示“作为”,用as,表示“为了”,用for表示“来自”,用from(2)with复合结构:“with+宾语+宾补”中用介词with(3)在被动语态中表示动作发出者,用by(4)在下列结构中用to而不用of表示所属关系the key/answer to the question, a solution to the problem3.依据句式和搭配填介词 14.It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ____________ the late 1980s.15.Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ____________,through agriculture.16.According to satellite monitoring results, the increase of vegetation in China accounted ____________ 25 percent of the world’s total new greenery.17.The opening of FAST not only offers more observation possibilities to the world’s scientific community but also contributes Chinese wisdom ____________ building a community of shared future for humanity.18.Morgan says that it is time that people stopped standing by and recording on their phones when they see someone ____________ trouble.19.Over the last two months, several great apes at the San Diego Zoo have received an experimental animal COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗), because they are most ____________ risk and can be easily vaccinated.20.In Singapore there’s no better place to find Chinese medicines than in Chinatown—a colorful and lively place, rich ____________ Chinese culture and history. (1)与动词搭配,如:remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物go back to/date from 追溯至exchange...for... 用……交换……run out of 用完account for 占……比例; 说明……的原因(2)与名词或代词搭配,如:by accident 偶然in trouble 陷入困境,陷入麻烦in spite of 尽管,虽然in turn 依次,转而in return 作为报答at risk 处于危险中on board 乘(飞机、船)on average 平均(3)与形容词搭配,如:be curious about 对……感到好奇be proud of 因……而自豪be rich in 在……方面丰富(4)其他搭配,如:not...until... 直到……才……from...to... 从……到……between...and... 在……和……之间答案1.on[考查介词。on earth在世上。]2.for[考查介词。根据语境可知,此处表达的是“为了人们的空闲时间和金钱与其他的娱乐活动进行竞争”,compete for “为……竞争”,故应用介词for。]3.in[考查介词。句意:《杜甫:中国最伟大的诗人》,这部58分钟的电影最近在英国广播公司上映,它首次以纪录片的形式向西方世界介绍杜甫。固定搭配in the form of...(以……的方式),用介词in。]4.into[考查介词。insight与介词into搭配,表示“对……洞悉/了解”。]5.of[考查介词。type后常跟of sth,various types of trips “不同类型的旅行”,因此填of。]6.by[考查介词。空格处位于被动语态的谓语后,用来表示动作的发出者, 故填by。]7.in[考查介词。根据空格后的1970可知,表示在某一年,应用介词in。]8.to[考查介词。the answer to the question为固定用法,表示“问题的答案”,故填to。]9.from[考查介词。句意:庆祝活动包括学生的祝贺,推荐优秀的老师,老师之间的思想交流等等。from 表示“来自”。]10.through[考查介词。句意:《清明上河图》等名作被投射在屋顶上,让游客们有一种穿越时间的感觉。结合句意,through 该处指“在时间中穿过”。]11.with[考查介词。句意:在卧铺车厢里,人们无事可做,要么聊天,要么打牌,很快在乘客中形成了一个小社区。分析句子,根据句意可知,此处应用介词with接复合宾语,即with+名词+不定式结构作状语,with表示伴随、原因、条件等,符合句意。]12.of/for[考查介词。methods of/for doing sth做某事的方法,故填of/for。]13.for[考查介词。go to some place for dinner “去某个地方吃饭”。介词for在此表示目的。]14.until[考查介词。根据句意和句中的not可知,本空填until。not...until “直到……才……”。]15.in[考查介词。live in是固定搭配,表示“在……地方生活”,故填in。]16.for[考查介词。句意:根据卫星监测结果,中国植被的增加量占世界新绿化总量的25%。account for“占……比例”。]17.to[考查介词。句意:FAST的开通不仅为世界科学界提供了