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考点11非谓语动词考点总结考点01 非谓语动词是不能在句中充当谓语，而充当其它成分的动词。非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式；动词的-ing形式和过去分词。其中动词的-ing形式又可以分为现在分词和动名词。We wants to see you off.(动词不定式)我们想为你送行。Running is a good form of exercise.(动词的-ing形式中的动名词)跑步是一种好的运动形式。The old man sits under a tree sleeping.(动词的-ing形式中的现在分词)这位老人坐在树下睡觉。Seen from the hill, the city looks very beautiful.(过去分词)从山上看去，这座城市看起来很漂亮。考点02 动词不定式可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语；动词的-ing形式可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语；过去分词可以在句中充当表语，定语，状语和补语。考点03 非谓语动词的否定形式都是在它们之前直接加“not”等否定词。He was told not to touch that blue button.他被告知不要触摸那个蓝色按钮。Not understanding what I said, he asked me to repeat.因为没有理解我所说的话，所以他让我重复一遍。Not paid well, the workers went on strike.因为工资低，所以工人们举行了罢工。考点04 动词不定式的一般形式是“to do”。它表示“主动，将要”的含义。此外还有其它形式：to be done, to have done, to be doing, to have been done 和to have been doing.考点055 to be done表示“被动，将要”的含义。To be a teacher, one should learn a lot.要想成为教师，一个人应该学习很多知识。The topic to be discussed in the meeting is nature.将在会议上讨论的话题是自然。考点06 to have done表示“主动，完成”的含义。He admitted to have broken the cup.他承认打碎了这个茶杯。考点07 to be doing表示“主动，正在”的含义。The baby seems to be sleeping.这个婴儿看起来正在睡觉。考点08 to have been done 表示“被动，完成”。Albert Einstein is considered to have changed the world.阿尔伯特 爱因斯坦被认为改变了世界。考点09 to have been doing表示“主动，一直”。He was reported to have been fighting for freedom.据报道他一直为自由而战。考点10 动名词的一般形式是：doing。它表示“主动，正在”的含义。此外还有其它形式：being done, having done, having been done。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。Sleeping is necessary for us.睡眠对于我们来说是必要的。考点11 being done表示“被动，正在”的含义。The building being built is very tall.这座正在被建造的建筑物很高。考点12 having done表示“主动，完成”的含义。Having written 6 books, he became a famous writer.他写了6本书后成为了一名著名的作家。考点13 having been done表示“被动，完成”的含义。Having been taken good care of, the baby grew taller and taller.由于这个婴儿被照顾的很好，所以他长的越来越高。考点14 分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词的一般形式是：doing。它表示“主动，正在”。此外，还有其它形式：being done, having done, having been done。being done表示“被动，正在”的含义；having done表示“主动，完成”的含义；having been done表示“被动，完成”的含义。The old man sitting under the tree is my grandfather.坐在树下的这位老人是我的祖父。The girl being referred to is my girlfriend.正在被谈到的女孩是我女朋友。Having written the letter , he went to post it.写完了信之后，他去邮寄。Having been built, the bridge is in use now.这座桥已经建造完，现在正在使用之中。考点15 过去分词只有一种形式：done。它表示“被动，完成”的含义。如果过去分词done的原形是不及物动词，该过去分词不表示“被动”，只表示“完成”。Designed by a famous designer, this dress is very popular.由于这件衣服出自一位著名设计师之手，所以非常受欢迎。考点演练一、单项选择1．I have some trouble ________. What should I do A．sleep B．to sleep C．sleeping D．slept【答案】C【详解】句意：我睡眠不好。我该怎么办？考查非谓语动词。have trouble doing sth“做某事有困难”，固定短语，空处用动名词作宾语。故选C。2．I started _______ TV at 9:00 last night.A．watches B．watched C．to watch D．watch【答案】C【详解】句意：我在昨天晚上九点开始看电视。考查非谓语动词。watch表示“观看”，start to do sth表示“开始做某事”，故选C。3．A man ________ John is waiting for you at the school gate.A．calling B．is calling C．called D．is called【答案】C【详解】句意：一个叫约翰的男人正在学校门口等你。考查非谓语动词。call喊，称呼；此处作定语，和被修饰词man之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词，故选C。4．The girl saw a snake _______ on the road and was scared.A．lies B．lying C．lay【答案】B【详解】句意：女孩看见一条蛇躺在路上，很害怕。考查固定搭配。根据“see sb. doing sth.”可知，此空需要现在分词作宾语补足语，因此“lying”符合句意。故选B。5．— Do you want to join the music club — Yes, I’m good at ________.A．sing B．singing C．swim D．swimming【答案】B【详解】句意：——你想加入音乐俱乐部吗？——是的，我很擅长唱歌。考查非谓语动词和动词辨析。sing唱歌；swim游泳。be good at doing sth.“擅长做某事”，空处应填动名词作宾语；结合“Do you want to join the music club ”和“Yes”可知，应是擅长唱歌，所以想加入音乐俱乐部。故选B。6．Please remind me ________ that letter.A．answer B．to answer C．answering【答案】B【详解】句意：请提醒我回复那封信。考查非谓语动词。remind sb. to do sth.“提醒某人做某事”，固定搭配。故选B。7．—How is your grandma —She’s fine. She used to ________ TV at home after supper. But now she is used to ________ out for a walk.A．watch, go B．watching, go C．watch, going【答案】C【详解】句意：——你的奶奶还好么 ——她很好。她过去常常晚饭后在家看电视。但是现在她习惯于出去散步。考查非谓语动词。“used to do”表达“过去常常做某事”,第一空用动词“watch”。“be used to doing”表达“习惯于做某事”，第二空用动名词“going”。故选C。8．Do you enjoy ________ the story-book A．to read B．reads C．read D．reading【答案】D【详解】句意：你喜欢读这本故事书么？考查非谓语动词。表达“喜欢做某事”用短语“enjoy doing”。表达“喜欢读”用动名词“reading”作宾语。故选D。9．Parents should spend more time with their children ________ them better.A．know B．knowing C．knew D．to know【答案】D【详解】句意：父母应该花