61.The argument that humans，even in prehistoric times，had some number sense，at least to the extent of

recognizing the concepts of more and less when some objects were added to or taken away from a small group，

seems fair．for studies have shown that some animals possess such a sense．

(复合句，主句的主干是the argument…seems fair，其中从句that humans…had some number sense做argument

的同位语)

人类甚至在史前已经有数字感，至少到有些物体被加到一小组里或者被拿走时能够辨别出“多了”还是“少

了”的程度，这一观点似乎很合理，因为研究已经表明有些动物就有这样的意识。

分句1. The argument seems fair

分句2. humans，even in prehistoric times，had some number sense，

分句3. at least to the extent of recognizing the concepts of more and less

分句4. when some objects were added to or taken away from a small group

分句5. for studies have shown that some animals possess such a sense．

1和5并列

2和3嵌套

3和4嵌套

1和2嵌套

分句1是前半句的主干，和分句5并列。分句2中包含一个插入结构：even in prehistoric times，分句3是

分句2的状语；分句4是分句3的定语从句；分句2是分句1的同位语从句。

62.A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere

in such quantities as to affect humans, animals，vegetation，or materials adversely．

(特殊结构such…as to——如此…以致)

空气污染物的一个有用定义是：一种直接或间接加入到空气里的化合物，其数量足以对人类、动物、植物

或物质产生不利影响。

分句1.A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the

atmosphere

分句2.in such quantities as to affect humans, animals，vegetation，or materials adversely

1和2嵌套

分句2是分句1的补语

63．The acute，growing public awareness of the social changes that had been taking place for some time was tied

to tremendous growth in popular journalism in the late nineteenth century，including growth in quantity and

circulation of both magazines and newspapers．

(awareness…was tied to tremendous growth…为句子主干)

公众对一段时间内一直在发生的社会变化敏锐的、不断增强的意识，与19世纪晚期通俗新闻的巨大增长

(包括杂志和报纸在数量和发行量上的增长)紧密相连。

20

分句1.The acute，growing public awareness of the social changes was tied to tremendous growth in popular

journalism in the late nineteenth century

分句2. had been taking place for some time

分句3.including growth in quantity and circulation of both magazines and newspapers

1和2嵌套

1和3嵌套

分句1是句子主干，分句2是分句1的同位语从句，分句3including现在分词是分句1中修饰tremendous

growth的定语。

64．A detailed study has been made of the prints using photogrammetry，a technique for obtaining measurements

through photographs，which created a drawing showing all the curves and contours of the prints．

(被动语态)

已经使用照相测量法(一种通过照相获得测量数据的技术)对这些脚印进行了一项详细的研究，这种方法产

生了一张显示脚印所有曲线和轮廓的照片。

分句1. A detailed study has been made of the prints using photogrammetry

分句2. a technique for obtaining measurements through photographs

分句3. which created a drawing showing all the curves and contours of the prints

2和3并列

1和2，3嵌套

1是主干，2和3都是1 : the prints using photogrammetry的定语：2是插入语，3是定语从句。

65．Footprints thus provide US not merely with rare impressions of the soft tissue of early hominids，but also

with evidence of upright walking that in many ways is clearer than can be obtained from the analysis of bones．

(特殊结构not merely…but also；比较结构)

因此脚印不仅仅为我们提供早期人类软组织的稀有印记，而且为我们提供了直立行走的证据，这些证据在

许多方面比骨头分析所提供的证据更清楚。

分句1. Footprints thus provide US not merely with rare impressions of the soft tissue of early hominids

分句2. but also with evidence of upright walking

分句3. that in many ways is clearer than can be obtained from the analysis of bones

1和2 并列

2和3嵌套

2中省略：Footprints provide；3是2的同位语从句

66．In fact，throughout the animal kingdom，from sponges to certain types of worms，shellfish，and all

vertebrates(creatures possessing a spinal column), there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of

tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals．

(从句that transplants…are accepted…作evidence的同位语)

实际上，从海绵到某些种类的蠕虫、有壳的水生动物和所有的脊椎动物(有脊柱的生物)的整个动物界都有

证据表明，进入动物体的细胞或组织片断移植只有在来自基因上相容或关系密切的个体时才被接受。

分句1. In fact，throughout the animal kingdom，from sponges to certain types of worms，shellfish，and all

vertebrates(creatures possessing a spinal column)，

分句2. there is evidence

分句3. transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically

compatible or closely related individuals

21 1

和2嵌套

2和3嵌套

1是2的状语，3是2的同位语从句

67．In the twenties，jazz became the hottest new thing in dance music, much as ragtime had at the turn of the

century，and as would rhythm and blues in the forties，rock in the fifties，and disco in the seventies．

(特殊结构much as…and as…——就像…以及…一样)

20年代，爵士乐成为舞蹈音乐中最热门的新事物，正如世纪之交流行的拉格泰姆音乐，以及40年代节奏

与布鲁斯，50年代摇滚乐，和70年代迪斯科将会流行一样。

分句1. In the twenties，jazz became the hottest new thing in dance music,

分句2. much as ragtime had at the turn of the century

分句3. and as would rhythm and blues in the forties，rock in the fifties，and disco in the seventies．

1和2嵌套

2和3并列

2是1的补语。2中包含much as…and as的并列结构。

68．They made these quilt until the advent of the Revolutionary War in 1775，when everything English came to

be frowned upon．

(when引导的定语从句修饰1775；flown upon——对…表示不满)

他们一直做这种被子，直到1775年美国革命来临，当时美国人对英国的任何东西都表示不满。

69．Growing tightly packed together and collectively weaving a dense canopy of branches, a stand of red alder

trees can totally dominate a site to the exclusion of almost everything else.

(特殊结构to the exclusion of 除…的存在)

一片红赤杨树紧紧长在一起，枝叶共同编织出一个厚密的树顶，它们能够完全占领一个地方，以致排除

几乎任何其他东西的生长。

分句1. Growing tightly packed together and collectively weaving a dense canopy of branches

分句2. a stand of red alder trees can totally dominate a site to the exclusion of almost everything else.

1和2嵌套

1是现在分词独立成分，做句子的状语。

70．In taking up a new life across the Atlantic，the early European settlers of the United States did not abandon

the diversions with which their ancestors had traditionally relieved the tedium of life．

(介词提前的定语从句：with which…，其中which指前面的diversions)

在越过大西洋开始新生活后，美国早期的欧洲移民并没有抛弃他们的祖先传统上借以解闷的消遣。

分句1. In taking up a new life across the Atlantic，

分句2. the early European settlers of the United States did not abandon the diversions

分句3. with which their ancestors had traditionally relieved the tedium of life

1和2嵌套

2和3嵌套

1是2的状语，3是修饰 diversions的定语从句，relieve with的搭配中介词with提前。