2022-05-31 14:00:24 来源：中国教育在线

剑桥雅思7Test1阅读Passage1原文翻译 Let’s go bats

剑桥雅思7 Test 1 Passage 1阅读原文翻译

自然段A

Bats have a problem: how to find their way around in the dark. They hunt at night, and cannot use light to help them find prey and avoid obstacles. You might say that this is a problem of their own making, one that they could avoid simply by changing their habits and hunting by day. But the daytime economy is already heavily exploited by other creatures such as birds. Given that there is a living to be made at night, and given that alternative daytime trades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favoured bats that make a go of the night-hunting trade. It is probable that the nocturnal trades go way back in the ancestry of all mammals. In the time when the dinosaurs dominated the daytime economy, our mammalian ancestors probably only managed to survive at all because they found ways of scraping a living at night. Only after the mysterious mass extinction of the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago were our ancestors able to emerge into the daylight in any substantial numbers.

蝙蝠有一个问题：如何在黑暗中找到自己的出路。他们在夜间狩猎，无法利用光来帮助他们寻找猎物并避开障碍物。你可能会说这是他们自己造成的问题，他们可以简单地通过改变习惯和白天捕猎来避免。但是白天的资源已经被鸟类等其他生物大量利用。鉴于夜间仍有生计，而白天的替代性食物资源已被完全占领，因此自然选择偏爱那些从事夜间狩猎的蝙蝠。夜行性活动很可能可以追溯到所有哺乳动物的祖先。在恐龙主导白天经济的时候，我们哺乳动物的祖先可能就是因为找到了在夜间谋生的方法，才勉强存活下来。仅在大约6500万年前恐龙神秘灭绝之后，我们的祖先才能够在白天大量出现。

自然段B

Bats have an engineering problem: how to find their way and find their prey in the absence of light. Bats are not the only creatures to face this difficulty today. Obviously the night-flying insects that they prey on must find their way about somehow. Deep-sea fish and whales have little or no light by day or by night. Fish and dolphins that live in extremely muddy water cannot see because, although there is light, it is obstructed and scattered by the dirt in the water. Plenty of other modern animals make their living in conditions where seeing is difficult or impossible.

蝙蝠有一个实践上的问题：如何在没有光照的情况下找到自己的路径并找到猎物。蝙蝠并不是今天面临这一困难的唯一生物。显然，它们捕文章来自老烤鸭雅思食的在夜间飞行的昆虫也必须找到某种方式。无论白天还是晚上，深海鱼类和鲸鱼几乎都没有光照。生活在极其泥泞的水中的鱼和海豚也看不见。因为尽管光线充足，但它被水中的污物阻挡和分散。还有许多其他现代动物生活在视线受阻或完全看不见的环境中。

自然段C

Given the questions of how to manoeuvre in the dark, what solutions might an engineer consider? The first one that might occur to him is to manufacture light, to use a lantern or a searchlight. Fireflies and some fish (usually with the help of bacteria) have the power to manufacture their own light, but the process seems to consume a large amount of energy. Fireflies use their light for attracting mates. This doesn’t require a prohibitive amount of energy: a male’s tiny pinprick of light can be seen by a female from some distance on a dark night, since her eyes are exposed directly to the light source itself. However, using light to find one’s own way around requires vastly more energy, since the eyes have to detect the tiny fraction of the light that bounces off each part of the scene. The light source must therefore be immensely brighter if it is to be used as a headlight to illuminate the path, than if it is to be used as a signal to others. In any event, whether or not the reason is the energy expense, it seems to be the case that, with the possible exception of some weird deep-sea fish, no animal apart from man uses manufactured light to find its way about.

面对如何在黑暗中进行机动的问题，工程师会考虑哪些解决方案？他想到的第一个方法可能是使用灯笼或者探照灯来制造光。萤火虫和一些鱼（通常在细菌的帮助下）具有制造自己的光的能力，但该过程似乎消耗大量能量。萤火虫用它们的灯光吸引伴侣。这不需要消耗过多的能量：在漆黑的夜晚，雌性可以相隔一定距离看到雄性微弱的光亮，因为她的眼睛直接暴露在光源本身下。但是，使用光来寻找自己的路径需要