剑桥雅思11Test4Passage1阅读答案解析 Research using twins 利用双胞胎进行研 […]
剑桥雅思11Test4Passage1阅读答案解析 Research using twins 利用双胞胎进行研究
剑桥雅思11阅读第四套题目第一篇文章的13道题由4道TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN判断,5道人名观点匹配,以及4道选词填空组成。题目难度不算太大,但因为文章偏长,给我们在原文中寻找对应点带来一定的困难。下面是具体每道题目的答案解析。
点击查看这篇雅思阅读中需要大家掌握的重点词汇与对应的原文翻译:
雅思真题阅读词汇 剑桥雅思11 test 4 passage 1 双胞胎研究research using twins
剑桥雅思11Test4Passage1阅读原文翻译 Research using twins 利用双胞胎研究
剑桥雅思11 Test4 Passage1阅读答案解析第1题答案:FALSE
对应原文:第1段:Any differences between them – one twin having younger looking skin, for example – must be due to environmental factors
答案解析:根据skin定位到第1段的最后。原文中明确提到,同卵双胞胎的皮肤差异一定是由环境因素造成的。题干中的may be genetic causes与原文矛盾,因此确定答案为FALSE。
第2题答案:NOT GIVEN
对应原文:第2段:If identical twins are more similar to each other with respect to an ailment than fraternal twins are, then vulnerability to the disease must be rooted at least in part in heredity.
答案解析:原文中只是对同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎进行了对比,完全没有提到非双胞胎。题干属于无中生有,因此判断答案为NOT GIVEN。
第3题答案:NOT GIVEN
对应原文: 第4段:Over two decades 137 sets of twins eventually visited Thomas Bouchard’s lab in what became known as the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart.
答案解析:原文中确实提到,Bouchard对出生之后分离的双胞胎进行研究,但却并没有说明文章来自老烤鸭雅思他采用什么方式来招募这些双胞胎。题干中的advertised in newspapers属于无中生有,由此判断答案为NOT GIVEN。
第4题答案:TRUE
对应原文:第7段:Epigenetic processes are chemical reactions tied to neither nature nor nurture
答案解析:虽然第6段中也说了Epigenetic processes,但这一题的直接对应还是出现在第7段里。原文中明确说到,表观遗传过程是与先天和后天都不相关的化学反应。题干中的different from与tied to neither同义替换,由此确定答案为TRUE。
第5题答案:A
对应原文:第4段:when the English scientist Francis Galton first suggested the approach (and coined the phrase ‘nature and nurture‘)
答案解析:第4段中提到,英国科学家Francis Galton首次提出这一方法,并发明了“先天和后天”这一短语。题干中invented a term与coined the phrase对应,nature and nurture则对应后面的内容,由此确定答案为A。
第6题答案:C
对应原文:第12段:Having said that, Reed adds, the latest work in epigenetics promises to take our understanding even further.
答案解析:第12段中提到,Reed表示,表观遗传学最新的研究将进一步加深我们的理解。上一段中也提到表观遗传学改变了人们对心脏病和精神分裂的看法。即对表观遗传学的研究将提升我们的知识,由此确定C为答案。
第7题答案:B
对应原文:第5段:Bouchard and his colleagues used this mountain of data … The key to their approach was a statistical concept called heritability
答案解析:这道题的关键在于statistical与mathematical的对应。只要意识到这一组同义替换,就可以很轻易的确定B为答案。
第8题答案:A
对应原文:第4段:The idea of using twins to measure the influence of heredity dates back to 1875, when the English scientist Francis Galton first suggested the approach
答案解析:第4段开头提到,利用双胞胎衡量遗传因素的影响的想法可以追溯到1875年。那时,英国科学家Francis Galton首次提出这种方法。题干中的pioneered与first同义替换,由此确定答案为A。
第9题答案:B
对应原文:第4段:the arrival of studies into identical twins who had been separated at birth and reunited as adults. Over two decades 137 sets of twins eventually visited Thomas Bouchard
答案解析:对出生之后分离的双胞胎的研究是由Thomas Bouchard进行的,由此确定B为答案。
第10题答案:D
对应原文:第7段:Epigenetic processes are chemical reactions … These reactions influence how our genetic code is expressed
答案解析:根据标题定位到第7段,根据influence定位到后面这句话,由此锁定reactions。但发现选项中并没有能够与之对应的词汇。由此往上寻找,发现these reactions指代的是chemical reactions,确定D为答案。
第11题答案:B
对应原文:第7段:These reactions influence how our genetic code is expressed: how each gene is strengthened or weakened, even turned on or off, to build our bones, brains and all the other parts of our bodies.
答案解析:顺着上一题往下,原文中举了骨头,大脑以及身体其他部位的例子。B选项organs正好可以对它们进行概括,由此确定答案为B。
第12题答案:E
对应原文:第9段:One way the study of epigenetics is revolutionizing our understanding of biology is by revealing a mechanism by which the environment directly impacts on genes.
答案解析:根据way这一原词,以及reavealing和uncovering的对应定位到第9段的这句话。affect与impact同义替换,由此确定答案为E environment。
第13题答案:F
对应原文:第9段:Studies of animals, for example, have shown that when a rat experiences stress during pregnancy, it can cause epigenetic changes in a fetus that lead to behavioral problems as the rodent grows up
答案解析:根据stress定位到这句话,题干中问的是哪方面会有问题,由此锁定behavioral。选项F只是进行了简单的词性替换,迷惑性不大。
剑桥雅思11Test4Passage2阅读答案解析 An Introduction to Film Sound 电影声音介绍
剑桥雅思11Test4Passage3阅读答案解析 This marvellous invention 伟大的发明