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2022年高考英语全国乙卷阅读篇真题翻译（含答案）AHenry Raeburn（1756–1823）The ExhibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.Lecture SeriesScottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.An Introduction to Raeburn Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00 DUNCAN THOMSON Raeburn’s English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10 JUDY EGERTONCharacters and Characterisation in Raeburn’s Portraits Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10 NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the 18th Century Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10 MARTIN POSTLEExhibition TimesMonday–Saturday 10.00–17.45Sunday 12.00–17.45Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.Closed: 24–26 December and 1 JanuaryAdmission 4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.Schools and CollegesA special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.21. What is the right time for attending Raeburn’s English Contemporaries A. Sun. 26 Oct. B. Thurs. 30 Oct. C. Thurs. 6 Nov. D. Thurs. 13 Nov.22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission A. 4. B. 8. C. 12. D. 16.23. How can full-time students get group discounts A. They should go on Sunday mornings. B. They should come from art schools.C. They must be led by teachers. D. They must have ID cards with them.【参考答案】BBC【参考译文】亨利·雷伯恩（1756–1823）展览亨利·雷伯恩爵士是苏格兰最受喜爱的画家。伦敦将举办一场纪念亨利·雷伯恩生平与作品的展览，届时将展出约60件展品。展品选自世界各地的收藏品，这是四十多年来首次举办的亨利·雷伯恩作品的大型展览。讲座苏格兰国家肖像画廊为公众提供一系列讲座。地点在演讲室，免费入场。走进雷伯恩 10月26日，星期日，15:00 DUNCAN THOMSON（演讲人） 雷伯恩的英国同时代画家 10月30日，星期四，13:10 JUDY EGERTON（演讲人）雷伯恩画像中的人物与人物刻画 11月6日，星期四，13:10 NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON（演讲人） 18世纪雷伯恩与画家的养成 11月13日，星期四，13:10 MARTIN POSTLE（演讲人）展览时间周一至周六 10:00–17:45 周日 12:00–17:45入场截止时间：17:15不得重复入场。休息日：12月24日至26日和1月1日门票费4英镑。12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下可免费入场。学校优惠在老师的带领下，所有全日制学生（包括大学生）均可享受每人2英镑的优惠门票。BIn 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y. — Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood — traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.Why did they go then Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top, “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”24. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3 A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.26. Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.27. What is the text A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.【参考答案】ADCB【参考译文】Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood来自纽约奥本的两个富裕家庭，是最好的朋友。1916年，两个女孩前往落基山脉的一个村落，在一所只有一间房的校舍里教书。女孩们去了史密斯学院。他们穿的衣服都很昂贵，因此，对于她们而言，去科罗拉多州埃尔克黑德教穿着用绳子绑的鞋的孩子，令人感到惊奇。她们在埃尔克黑德的日子是Dorothy Wickenden《无所畏惧：西方两个社会女孩意外受到的教育》（Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West）一书的主题。Dorothy Wickenden是一位杂志编辑，也是Dorothy Woodruff的孙女。为什么当时这两个女孩去了那些地方？嗯，他们想做一些有用的事情。然而，很快她们就意识到了自己在做什么。她们搬进了当地的Harrison家，和Harrison一家一样，她们几乎没有隐私而言，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上常常有一层雪。有时候，Rosamond和Dorothy早晨到达校舍，会发现孩子们冻得直哭。到了春天，雪融化了，变成了冰泥。Wickenden的书详细地阐述了西方历史及女权主义，二者当然影响了两个女孩做去埃尔克黑德的决定。书中一个令人毛骨悚然的情节是修建铁路，建铁路需要穿过落基山脉，通常会遇到茫茫的暴风雪。该书的结尾是Rosamond和Dorothy返回奥本。Wickenden非常善于讲故事。那片土地辽阔，那里的人民坚忍，她受此激发写下了一些优美的文字。这张照片中，Dorothy Woodruff骑着马，从山顶向下眺望，“太阳从山后滑落，在山上洒下了一片粉红色的光芒。继而一轮满月升起。雪地里只有小动物：狐狸、土狼、老鼠，还有各种野兔，它们在冬天变白了。”CCan a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible A. The use of drones in checking on power lines.B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.C. The reduction of cost in designing drones.D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.30. What function is expected of the rail drones A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.31. Which is the most suitable title for the text A. What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB. How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC. What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways【参考答案】ACAD【参考译文】一小群无人机能否保证铁路既安全又可靠，同时又帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？如果未来应用当今的“天空之眼”技术，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施对于火车运行保持全天候安全，那种可能性是非常大的。无人机早已应用于高压电线检查。无人机同样可以检查铁轨和其他重要的铁路基础设施，如检查铁轨和道岔是否在正确位置上。无人机检查的次数越多，铁路的安全性、可靠性和正点率就越能得到提高。成本将被削减，运营效率将全面提高。届时将大量节省维护成本，加强对铁路工作人员安全的保障。据计算，仅欧洲铁路每年就花费约200亿欧元用于维护，包括派遣维护人员检修铁路基础设施（通常在夜间）。这项工作可能会有危险，而这种危险可以通过无人机协助铁路工作人员的工作得以避免。通过使用最新技术，无人机还可以为铁路提供更高价值的服务，检测铁路或道岔中的故障，预防出现安全问题。执行这些任务，铁路无人机无需在空中飞行。工程师现在正研究一个新概念：未来的铁路无人机。它们将在轨道上先于火车运行，并被赋予自动运行的程序。这样的小型无人机配有先进的传感器和人工智能技术，可在火车前方运行，像副驾驶一样引导火车。凭借预警能力，无人机可以显示出任何问题，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应。DThe Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.32. Why was the sugar tax introduced A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.C. To protect children’s health. D. To encourage research in education.33. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their products.C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products’ sugar content.34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks.C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.【参考答案】CDDB【参考译文】政府对软饮料征收糖税，其产生的税收是部长们最初预测的一半，该政策的第一份官方数据如是显示。2016年4月首次宣布实施糖税政策，对每100毫升含糖量超过5克的软饮料征税，以帮助减少儿童肥胖问题。据信，如今儿童和青少年摄入的糖分是建议摄入量的三倍，加大了他们患肥胖症的风险。最初，预计糖税每年可为财政部带来5.2亿英镑的收入。然而，前六个月的数据显示，最终收入将不到预估收入的一半。目前，预计截止到2019年4月，糖税收入会有2.4亿英镑，这些税收将用于发展学校体育。此前，在商店出售的一半以上软饮料中，制造商削减了含糖量，从而避税。根据财政部数据，由于制造商的避税措施，现在饮料中的含糖量减少了4500万公斤。自4月以来，饮料公司被要求对生产或进口的含糖饮料支付18至24便士/每升，具体取决于含糖量。然而，一些高糖饮料品牌，如经典可口可乐，虽已经接受了糖税，但是因为害怕惹恼消费者而拒绝改变。果汁、牛奶饮品和大多数酒精饮品是免税的，年产量低于100万升的小饮料公司也是免税的。一位政府官员表示，今天的数据显示了糖税通过为学校体育设施和健康饮食筹集的数百万英镑而产生的积极影响。帮助下一代拥有一个健康积极的童年非常重要，饮料行业正在发挥它的作用。

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