spirits 酒精 waters 水域 expectations前程
例如：a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain
tops and dark waters of the Li River .(表示水域)
3. 考查可数名词的单复数
例如：I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ___(painting).（2015年全国1）
解析：根据题意，漓江的水域在许多的中国画中被艺术家所描绘。many Chinese ___，many修饰可数名词，故填paintings。
注意：可数名词的变化规则：
1） 单数名词词尾直接加-s。
如：boy — boys, pen — pens。
2） 以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。
如：glass — glasses,box— boxes, watch — watches, brush — brushes。
3） 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”而 以“元音字母 + y”结尾的就直接加s。
如：baby — babies, lady — ladies, fly — flies。
4） 以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato — tomatoes, potato — potatoes, hero — heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。 如：radio — radios, zoo — zoos, photo — photos, piano — pianos, kilo — kilos, tobacco — tobaccos。
5） 以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es。如：wife — wives, life — lives, knife — knives, wolf— wolves, self — selves, leaf — leaves等。特例：handkerchief— handkerchiefs, roof — roofs, chief — chiefs, gulf — gulfs, belief — beliefs, cliff — cliffs。
6）不规则变化。
如：man — men, mouse — mice, foot — feet,
woman — women, tooth — teeth, goose — geese, child — children。
4. 名词的所有格
（1）“’s”所有格的特殊表示形式有：
① 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，
例如：today’s newspaper,five minutes’walk(drive),five pounds’weight, ten dollars’worth of coffee。
②用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。
如：the earth’s planet, the word’s population, China’s industry, New York’s parks。
（2）“of”所有格的表示方式有：
表示“部分”时，一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词（a、two、several、some、no、many等），
如：Some students of Mister Zhang’s have gone to college.张老师的一些学生已经上大学了。
5. 动词变名词的后缀法
例如：Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are it top_____(attract).(2016年全国1)
解析：本题根据词性搭配，要填名词，故填attraction
1） 动词+ence
existence存在 occurrence 发生
reference 参考 preference 偏好
2） 动词+ance
acceptance 接受 appearance 出现
performance 履行tolerance 容忍
enterance 进入assistance 帮助
insurance 保险
3） 动词+tion
production 生产 introduction 介绍
reduction减少 prevention 阻止
protection 保护 invitation 邀请
communication交流 devotion致力
4） 动词+sion
impression 印象 depression沮丧
expression 表达 expansion扩大
decision 决定 permission允许
5） 动词+ment
agreement 同意 development 发展
punishment 惩罚 treatment 对待
settlement 定居 achievement 成就
improvement 改进 encouragement鼓励
2
2015年—2019年全国卷语法专项
语法填空
1. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings
admirable is their ____ (able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment.
2. The nursery team switches him every few ____( day) with his sister. (2016年全国1)
3. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ____ (achieve).（2016年全国2）
4. Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. （2016年全国2）
5. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C. , influenced the (develop)of chopsticks.（2016年全国3）
6. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017年全国1)
7. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ____(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017年全国2)
8. This development was only possible with the _____ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. (2017年全国2)
9. She is determined to carry on with her (educate).(2017年全国3)
10. She has turned down several (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. (2017年全国3)
11. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ________(cause).(2018年全国1)
12. This switch has decreased _______ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.（2018年全国2）
13. My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ________(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.(2018年全国3)
14. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a (believe) that populations are increasing.（2019年全国1）
15. When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting （compete）to watch，together with the story behind it.（2019年全国3）
短文改错
1. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.（2015年全国1）
2.One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.（2015年全国2）
3. The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me .（2016年全国3）
4. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left!”.(2017年全国1)
5. Besides, they often get some useful informations from the internet.（2017年全国2）
6. Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.（2018年全国1）
7. When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. （2018年全国2）
8. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. （2018年全国2）
9. I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well."（2018年全国3）
10. To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net.（2019年全国1）
11. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.（2019年全国1）
12. Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do. （2019年全国2）
13. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.（2019年全国3）
答案：
语法填空：
1.ability; 2.days; 3.achievement; 4.studies; 5.development；6.effects; 7.crowds； 8.introduction；9.education；10.invitations；11.causes；12.pollution；13.scientist;14.belief；15.competition；
短文改错：
1.airs 改为air；2.parent改为parents; 3.year改为years；4.word 改为words；5.informations改为information；6.chicken改为chickens；7.Friday’s改为Friday;8.sort改为sorts；9.mistake改为mistakes；10.surprising改为surprise；11.player改为players；12.jobs;13.city改为cities；返回搜狐，查看