00830现代语言学自考复习资料，选自教材〔现代语言学  1999年版〕

作者：何兆熊

ISBN编号:9787810649049

出版社名称: 外语教学与研究出版社

复习资料包

00830现代语言学自考复习资料内容包括章节知识点、PPT讲义、简答题（密训资料）和2004-2022年04月00830现代语言学历年真题（真题会持续更新，部分考卷可能会没有答案）。

部分知识点预览

What s makes n modern s linguistics t different from l traditional ? grammar? ( ( 现代语言学与传统语法有什么区别？) )Traditional grammar is prescriptive（规定性） ; it is based on “high” (religious,literary) written language. It sets models for language users to follow.But Modernlinguistics is descriptive（描述性）; its investigations are based on authentic andmainly spoken language data. It is supposed to be scientific and objective and thetask of linguists is supposed to describe the language people actually use, whetherit is “correct” or not.

What e are e the o two r major a media f of ? communication? f Of e the , two, h which e one s isy primary d and ? why? 语言交际的两大媒介是什么？哪一个是基本的交际媒介？为什么？Speech and writing are the major media of communication. Speech is consideredprimary over writing. The reasons are: speech is prior to writing in languageevolution, speech plays a greater role in daily communications, and speech is theway in which people acquire their native language.

phrase e structure rules(短语结构规则): a rewrite rule that allows for thepossible combinations of words to form phrases and sentences.

Synonymy(同义关系): Synonymy refers to the s sameness or close similarity ofmeaning. Wordsthat are close in meaning are called synonyms. . E.g. Fall-autumn

Polysemy(一词多义): Polysemy refers to the fact that the same one word mayhave more than one meaning.

Homonymy(同音异义，同形异义): Homonymy refers to the phenomenon thatwords having different meanings have the same form, i.e. , different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both.

Locutionary act(言内行为): A locutionary act is the act of uttering words,phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax,lexicon and phonology.