我们在写英语作文时，经常会使用一些表示各种逻辑关系的单词和短语，来增强文章的连贯性，但是如果运用不恰当的话，不仅不能清楚表明文章的内在逻辑结构，反而会把读者给弄糊涂了。最近给很多同学改作文，发现很多同学都有类似的错误。包括也有同学单独来问是否可以把on the contrary和 by contrast互换着用，认为它们反正都用来表对比，其实这是一种误解。
我明白大家为什么会用错，很多时候我们对词汇的选择取决于我们的主观理解或者中文翻译忽略了使用词汇或者短语的语义差别。
咱们今天要讲的内容就是：on the contrary （相反地; 恰恰相反; 正相反）和by contrast（相比之下；对比而言）这两个短语由于汉语翻译非常接近，常常混淆。今天会结合这两个短语的区别和具体使用的语境帮助大家区分， 希望能提供给大家一些帮助，避免使用错误。
01on the contrary
科林斯词典对on the contrary的解释是这样的：
You use on the contrary when you have just said or implied that something is not true and are going to say that the opposite is true.
当你需要说或者暗示某种说法不对，而相反的说法才是对的时，你用on the contrary。
🌰例句：
It is not an idea around which the Community can unite.On the contrary, I see it as one that will divide us.
这不是一个社区会围绕它团结起来的主义。恰恰相反，我认为它会分裂我们。
My Church never officially condemned Harry Porter. On the contrary,it recognizes that the arts have a rightful place in the development of man.
我的教会从来没有正式批判过《哈利波特》。恰恰相反，它承认文学艺术在人类发展史上应有自己的一席之地。
It's no trouble at all; on the contrary, it will be a great pleasure to help you.
这根本不麻烦。相反，我很乐意帮助你。
《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
和预计相反
比如你的朋友告诉你她要搬到农村去，你表示惊讶，因为你印象里她讨厌乡村生活。她回答说： “On the contrary, I’ve always wanted to live in the countryside.” "恰恰相反，我一直想住在乡村"。
02by contrast
对by contrast，柯林斯的解释如下：
You say by contrast or in contrast, or in contrast to something, to show that you are mentioning a very different situation from the one you have just mentioned.
你用by contrast来表示你正提及一种和你刚提过的情形很不一样的情形。
🌰例句：
The private sector,by contrast, has plenty of money to spend.
In contrast, the lives of girls in well-to-do families were often very sheltered.相比之下，富裕家庭的女孩子们通常都过着养尊处优的生活。
前文应该说的事贫穷家庭女孩，二者主语不一样
ECHO有话说总结一下
①by contrast, 强调两个不同事物或情形之间的对比。比如：My parents lived in Tianjin all their life. By contrast, I have explored every corner of the country.
②on the contrary, 往往强调与先前的说法相反，或者对之前说法的否定，强调后面的说法才是正确的或者是作者真正想表达的观点，两个句子之间往往是同一个主体，有时也可用actually 来代替。比如：There was no malice in her; on the contrary/actually, she was very kind。
一句话：by contrast表对比，on the contrary表反转。
以及雅思小作文不要用on the contrary