Unit 1 Introduction to Adademic Writing

What is academic writing?随堂测验

1、Compared with general English writing, academic writing tends to be more

A、objective and impersonal

B、logical

C、formal

D、all the above

参考答案：D

2、The general structure of academic writing consists of

A、an abstract, an introduction and a discussion

B、an introduction, a result and a discussion

C、an introduction, a body and a conclusion

D、an abstract, a result and a conclusion

参考答案：C

3、Which of the following is NOT a feature of academic text?

A、Formality

B、Recreational

C、Complexity

D、Accuracy

参考答案：B

Efficient reading academic texts随堂测验

1、1. Which of the following is NOT a reading purpose at the before-reading stage?

A、To gain evidence to support readers’ argument.

B、To familiarize readers with the leading researchers

C、To gain detailed understanding of the content.

D、To locate answers to specific questions readers may have.

参考答案：B

2、2. At the during-reading stage, what instructions about text scanning have NOT been mentioned?

A、Read the first paragraph.

B、Read the last paragraph.

C、Read the opening sentence of other paragraphs.

D、Read the middle sentence of other paragraphs.

参考答案：D

3、3. At the after-reading stage, what information about new words should be noted?

A、Definition, part of speech, related phrases and derivatives.

B、Definition, part of speech, related phrases and inflections.

C、Definition, related phrases, derivatives and inflections.

D、Definition, related phrases, inflections and sample sentences.

参考答案：B

Writing good academic texts随堂测验

1、1. To accomplish good academic writing, writers should______

A、support claims with evidence.

B、be impersonal and be cautious.

C、use nominalization

D、All the above.

参考答案：D

2、2. How do academic writers support their claims with evidence?

A、Express their opinions about research findings freely.

B、Express their arguments by referring to work done by relevant scholars.

C、Express their understanding conservatively.

D、Express their claims by exemplifying the research procedures.

参考答案：B

3、3. Which of the following is NOT correct about nominalizations in academic writing?

A、It helps to transform complex sentences into simple ones.

B、It refers to the noun phrase construction.

C、It enables writers to avoid stating something obvious in a simple way.

D、It enables writers to choose the emphasis.

参考答案：A

Strategies for good academic writing随堂测验

1、1. Which of the following is NOT correct about academic writing?

A、It has an obvious audience.

B、It has logical expression.

C、It has a clear purpose.

D、It has a linear structure.

参考答案：B

2、2. The academic language can not be acquired through ______.

A、simulation

B、observation

C、experiment

D、study

参考答案：A

3、3. What are the recommended procedures for writing academic texts?

A、To think about subject academically

B、Scan or skim relevant resources from library or internet

C、Study and structure what you have selected

D、All the above

参考答案：D

Tips for academic writing随堂测验

1、1. Which of the following is NOT a tip for good academic writing?

A、Make connections and establish a clear sense of direction.

B、Be your readers’ guide.

C、Present a well-structured essay.

D、Use active voice to highlight the researchers’ contribution.

参考答案：D

2、2. In terms of punctuation, which of the understanding is NOT correct?

A、Punctuation aims to show where a reader pauses to take a breath.

B、Punctuation aims to clarify the grammatical structure of sentences.

C、Punctuation is closely connected with meaning.

D、Punctuation can realize certain important syntactic structure.

参考答案：A

3、3. What signpost expressions have been mentioned in lecture?

A、moreover

B、besides

C、however

D、all of the above

参考答案：D

Quiz for Unit 1

1、Ideally, the application will save every single little change as soon as the user makes it, ___________, after each keystroke.

A、nevertheless

B、in other words

C、in the same way

D、as well as

参考答案：B

2、Papers must be handed in by the deadline. ______________ they will not be graded.

A、Obviously

B、Otherwise

C、As a result

D、Even though

参考答案：B

3、There are some slight variations in temperature, but ________________ 26 to 27ºC should be expected.

A、consequently

B、otherwise

C、as a result

D、as a rule

参考答案：D

4、There are three major advantages of the design, ________________ cheapness, simplicity and availability.

A、for example

B、for instance

C、namely

D、in other ways

参考答案：C

5、Many software manufacturers in developed countries put up with widespread copyright violations in less developed countries and often even offer local versions of their products.

A、tolerate

B、eliminate

C、decrease

D、constitute

参考答案：A

6、Academic writing is relatively formal. In general this means that in an essay you should avoid the following:

A、colloquial words and expressions (such as "stuff", "a lot of", "thing", "sort of")

B、abbreviated forms (such as "can't", "doesn't", "shouldn't”)

C、two word verbs (such as "put off", "bring up”)

D、asking questions (such as “So why is this?”)

参考答案：ABCD

7、What are the main features of academic writing?

A、Accuracy

B、Brevity

C、Complexity

D、Formality

参考答案：ABCD

8、It is explicit in its signposting of the organization of the ideas in the text. As a writer of academic English, it is your responsibility to make it clear to your reader how various parts of the text are related. These connections can be made explicit by the use of different signaling words.

参考答案：正确

9、Currently the IMRAD（Introduction, Methods, Results And Discussion） structure is dominant for publishing papers in many fields of science.

参考答案：正确

10、Academic writing is more explicit about its structure and purposes (i.e., contains a noticeable amount of metadiscourse).

参考答案：正确

11、Academic writing use fairly short sentences with less complicted grammar.

参考答案：错误

12、Academic writing is more tolerant of asides or digressions.

参考答案：错误

13、There has been c____________(a lot of) interest in how background sounds such as music affect an individual's ability to concentrate. （请根据给出的首写字母，填入完整单词的适当形式，其意义与括号中的单词或短语相同）

参考答案：considerable

14、AIDS researchers have e_________(run into) a variety of unexpected problems in their efforts to develop an effective vaccine. （请根据给出的首写字母，填入完整单词的适当形式，其意义与括号中的单词或短语相同）

参考答案：encountered

15、Recent studies on car scrapping have r__________ (brought up) the immportant quesiton as to whether CO2 emissions can be significantly reduced by taking old cars out of service. （请根据给出的首写字母，填入完整单词的适当形式，其意义与括号中的单词或短语相同）

参考答案：raised

Assignment for Unit 1

1、There was a "mistake" in each of the following sentences. Can you identify and revise them? 1) Problems with the new data management software showed up soon after it was launched. 2) In other words, grammatical metaphor examined in the semantic model can't be viewed as the result of transference. 3) Before spelling out exactly what this means, it is worth first asking whether translating machinery is necessarily irreversible. 4) Being in charge, the accusation was particularly annoying to me. 5) However, there were other patients whose lives had ended by suicide.

参考答案：每题2分，共10分 1）Problems with the new data management software showed up soon after it was launched. （用词错误） 2）In other words, grammatical metaphor examined in the semantic model can't be viewed as the result of transference. （用词错误） 3）Before spelling out exactly what this means, it is worth first asking whether translating machinery is necessarily irreversible. （用词重复） 4）Being in charge, the accusation was particularly annoying to me. （垂悬分词） 5）However, there were other patients whose lives had ended by (in) suicide. （介词使用错误）

Unit 2 The Title

Scientific titles and author informaiton (1)随堂测验

1、______ present a miniature of the whole paper.

A、Title, key words and authors

B、Title, abstract and authors

C、Title, key words and abstract

D、Title, abstract and introduction

参考答案：C

2、2. What will be freely accessible to readers online?

A、Title

B、Key words

C、Abstract

D、All the above

参考答案：A

3、3. What titles are recommended?

A、Objective and self-explanatory titles.

B、Informative and objective titles.

C、Descriptive and informative titles.

D、Descriptive and self-explanatory titles.

参考答案：D

4、4. Which of the following is NOT the correct author order?

A、The first author is the lead author.

B、The first author designs the research.

C、The first author is the principal investigator.

D、The first author is responsible for most of the work.

参考答案：C

Scientific titles and author information (2)随堂测验

1、What are the scientific title features?

A、It is short in length.

B、It is dense in information.

C、It helps easy retrieval in computerized searches.

D、All the above.

参考答案：D

2、2. Which of the following strategy is NOT recommended?

A、To scan the title searching for key words.

B、To translate the title to readers’ first language.

C、To break the title into pieces of information.

D、To analyze the grammatical structure of the title.

参考答案：B

3、3. What questions are asked to paraphrase the title?

A、What are the key words in the title?

B、Which part of the title is emphasized?

C、How do readers expect the research content?

D、All the above.

参考答案：D

Creating strong scientific titles随堂测验

1、Which of the following is NOT explaining the importance of the title?

A、It is a critical component of the manuscript.

B、It affects the first impression of the editor or the reader.

C、It determines to increase or lose readers’ interest in reading the paper.

D、It can be considered as a miniature of the whole paper.

参考答案：D

2、2. When is a good title often written?

A、At the beginning of the paper writing.

B、After the main body of paper is finished.

C、After the entire paper is finished.

D、After the abstract is finished.

参考答案：C

3、3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a good scientific title feature? ‍

A、It highlights the structure of a research paper.

B、It is specific but informative.

C、It is typically within 10-12 words.

D、It uses descriptive terms or phrases.

参考答案：A

4、4. Which of the following is NOT a clear and persuasive title?

A、It raises questions about the paper and take notes of the answers.

B、It identifies the most important aspects of the answers.

C、It rephrases the working title in detailed phrases.

D、It drafts a working title with the key words.

参考答案：C

Six steps to a strong scientific title随堂测验

1、What questions can be asked about the paper?

A、What is the paper specifically about?

B、What is the research design and what methods were used?

C、What are the major findings？

D、All the above.

参考答案：D

2、2. A working title uses _______

A、one sentence.

B、one main sentence and one relative clause.

C、more than one sentence.

D、one compound sentence.

参考答案：A

3、3. What information can be deleted?

A、Extra words distracting the title’s pivot.

B、Redundant words prolonging the title.

C、Vague expressions diverting the title’s highlight.

D、All the above.

参考答案：D

Don'ts in writing scientific titles随堂测验

1、Which of the following don’t is mentioned?

A、Don’t be broad or vague.

B、Don’t use idiosyncratic abbreviation.

C、Don’t use waste word like a study /research on.

D、All the above.

参考答案：D

2、2. What will diminish the seriousness of the science study?

A、A catchy phrase or humor injection.

B、A brief and descriptive title.

C、A well-structured abstract.

D、A review of the background information.

参考答案：A

3、3. What title format is suggested?

A、Construct the title with one sentence.

B、Capitalize the first alphabet of all words.

C、Follow the practice of the target journal.

D、Integrate a title and a subtitle.

参考答案：C

Quiz for Unit 2

1、According to the principle of ________, the title "Transplantation of Corneal Stem Cells Cultured on Amniotic Membrane for Corneal Burn: Experimental and Clinical Study" should be changed into "Transplantation of Corneal Stem Cells Cultured on Amniotic Membrane for Corneal Burn: In Vitro and in Vivo".

A、Accuracy

B、Brevity

C、Clarity

D、Attractiveness

参考答案：A

2、According to the principle of ________, the title "Preliminary Observations on the Effect of Salinity on Benthic Community Distribution within a Estuarine System, in the North Sea" should be changed into "Effect of Salinity on Benthic Distribution within the Scheldt Estuary (North Sea)".

A、Accuracy

B、Brevity

C、Clarity

D、Attractiveness

参考答案：B

3、According to the principle of ________, the title "Measuring a Nerve Response in a Frog" should be changed into "The Effect of Ethanol on the Action Potential of a Frog Sciatic Nerve".

A、Accuracy

B、Brevity

C、Clarity

D、Attractiveness

参考答案：C

4、As a reader of research papers, titles are important since they give you a quick indication of the content of a paper. Titles are also useful for you when you write your own research paper. Decide which of the following are reasons that a title is useful as a writer of a research paper.

A、A title is in a privileged place in the text, and it draws the reader’s most complete attention. Taking advantage of that fact, the writer can use the title’s privileged position to express ideas clearly and to articulate an argument.

B、A title chosen early in the writing process can help writers stay on track during the writing process.

C、Creating a title at the end of the writing process can function as a check on the quality of the research paper.

D、If coming up with a title is difficult, it may indicate to the writer that the essay’s main idea or point is unclear.

参考答案：ABCD

5、The title with the "√" before it is considered to be the better one. Decide whether the following choice is the correct one. A. Single-Particle Mapping of Nonequilibrium Nanocrystal Transformations √ B. A Research on Mapping of Nonequilibrium Nanocrystal Transformations

参考答案：错误

6、The title with the "√" before it is considered to be the better one. Decide whether the following choice is the correct one. A. A Study on the Formation of Peak Rings in Large Impact Craters √B. The Formation of Peak Rings in Large Impact Craters

参考答案：正确

7、The title with the "√" before it is considered to be the better one. Decide whether the following choice is the correct one. √A. A Synthetic Pathway for the Fixation of Carbon Dioxide in Vitro B. Fixation of Carbon Dioxide in Vitro: Not Blowing in the Wind

参考答案：正确

8、The title with the "√" before it is considered to be the better one. Decide whether the following choice is the correct one. A. An Experimental Observation of a Pair of Spin-Polarized Fermi Arc Surface States on the Surface of the Dirac Semimetal Na3Bi at Its Native Chemical Potential √ B. Observation of Fermi Arc Surface States in a Topological Metal

参考答案：正确

9、The title with the "√" before it is considered to be the better one. Decide whether the following choice is the correct one. A. A Highly Active and Stable IrOx/SrIrO3 Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction √B. A Novel Active and Stable IrOx/SrIrO3 Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

参考答案：错误

10、The title with the "√" before it is considered to be the better one. Decide whether the following choice is the correct one. √ A. An Observation of Quantum Shock Waves Created with Ultra-Compressed Slow Light Pulses in a Bose-Einstein Condensate B. Creating Quantum Shock Waves with Ultra-Compressed Slow Light Pulses in a Bose-Einstein Condensate

参考答案：错误

11、The title with the "√" before it is considered to be the better one. Decide whether the following choice is the correct one. √ A. The Highly efficient waveguide grating couplers using silicon-on-insulator B. Silicon-on-insulator for high-output waveguide grating couplers

参考答案：错误

12、The title with the "√" before it is considered to be the better one. Decide whether the following choice is the correct one. A. Effects of added calcium on salinity tolerance of tomato √ B. Calcium addition improves salinity tolerance of tomato

参考答案：正确

13、The title with the "√" before it is considered to be the better one. Decide whether the following choice is the correct one. √A. B7-H4 Most Expresses on Ki687 Negative Brain Tumor Clels and can Express on Brain Tumor Stem Cells B. B7-H4 is Preferentially Expressed in Non-dividing Brain Tumor Cells and in a Subset of Brain Tumor Stem- like Cells

参考答案：错误

14、请在下列标题中填入合适介词： Machine Vision Qaulity Assessment _______ Robust Face Detection

参考答案：for

15、请在下列标题中填入动词适当形式： Three Tier Fog Networks: _______(Enable) IoT/5G for Latency Sensitive Applications

参考答案：Enabling

16、请在下列标题中填入动词适当形式： Competition Between Engrams ________ (Influence) Fear Memory Formation and Recall

参考答案：Influences

Assignment for Unit 2

1、One-step inactivation of chromosomal genes in Escherichia coli K-12 using PCR products

参考答案：Research subject: One-step inactivation Research object: chromosomal genes Research method: PCR products

2、Ecological responses to recent climate change

参考答案：Research subject: Ecological responses Research object: recent climate change

3、Technical advantages of improving mine ventilation by the double-stopping method

参考答案：Research subject: Technical advantages Research object: improving mine ventilation Research tool: the double-stopping method

4、Long-range mutual synchronization of spin Hall nano-oscillators

参考答案：Research subject: long-range mutual synchronization Research object: spin Hall nano-oscillators

5、Administrative Exercise of the Police Power

参考答案：Research subject: Administrative Exercise Research object: the Police Power

Unit 3 The Abstract

Scientific abstracts and keywords随堂测验

1、Which of the following is NOT a scientific abstract?

A、It is an overview of a scientific paper.

B、It indicates the structure of the paper.

C、It reduces long research work to essential elements.

D、It is usually designed to be standing alone.

参考答案：B

2、The scientific abstract aims to________

A、stand alone as a mini-text.

B、provide a short summary of a research.

C、guide readers with a reading roadmap.

D、all the above.

参考答案：D

3、What are the two primary types of abstracts?

A、Descriptive and Interpretive.

B、Descriptive and informative.

C、Informative and objective.

D、Interpretive and objective.

参考答案：B

Effective reading of scientific abstracts随堂测验

1、Reading a scientific abstract involves_______

A、understanding its structure and obtaining key information.

B、understanding its content and obtaining key information.

C、understanding its contribution and its implication.

D、understanding its structure and its content.

参考答案：A

2、What information can abstract-scanning reveal?

A、The discipline and journal the paper is from.

B、The estimated number of words.

C、The type of abstracts .

D、All the above.

参考答案：D

3、Which of the following is NOT mentioned?

A、What is the purpose of the study?

B、What problem does the study try to solve?

C、What solution does the paper offer?

D、What is the scientific objective of the study?

参考答案：C

Creating effective scientific abstracts随堂测验

1、Which of the following is NOT to create an effective abstract?

A、Functions of effective abstracts.

B、Features of good abstracts.

C、Maximum number of 300 words.

D、Key words selection.

参考答案：C

2、What functions does an effective abstract have?

A、Presenting complex information in a clear and concise way.

B、Helping to conduct research.

C、Condensing information to a short format.

D、All the above.

参考答案：D

3、Which of the following is NOT a scientific abstract?

A、Be self-contained.

B、Be inclusive of the key information of the original work.

C、Be self-explanatory.

D、Be well-organized paragraph.

参考答案：C

4、Which of the following is CORRECT?

A、Past simple tense is often used to state the background information.

B、Present perfect tense is often used to mention the focus of the study.

C、Past simple tense is often used to describe the methodology.

D、Present perfect tense is often used to indicate results and findings.

参考答案：C

5、What does ABC of a good abstract refer to?

A、Accuracy, brevity and clarity.

B、Accuracy, briefness and coherence.

C、Accuracy, brevity and cohesion.

D、Accuracy, briefness and clarity.

参考答案：A

Three steps to an effective scientific abstract随堂测验

1、Which of the following strategy is NOT mentioned?

A、Structuring the abstract.

B、Preparing to write the abstract.

C、Reading relevant abstract.

D、Polishing the abstract.

参考答案：C

2、How many keywords are recommended?

A、3-6 keywords.

B、5-10 keywords.

C、2-5 keywords.

D、6-10 keywords.

参考答案：B

3、What questions can Not introduce the background?

A、What is the purpose of the study?

B、What is the scope of the study?

C、What implication does the study have?

D、What problem is the study trying to solve?

参考答案：C

4、Which of the following is NOT to explain the methods?

A、What is the research design?

B、What materials and techniques did the research use?

C、What statistics did the research analyze?

D、What procedures did the research follow?

参考答案：D

Don'ts in writing scientific abstracts随堂测验

1、Which of the following is Mentioned?

A、Don’t provide lengthy background information.

B、Don’t use syntactically complex sentences.

C、Don’t use present perfect tense.

D、Don’t provide research implication.

参考答案：A

2、New information should be________

A、presented.

B、avoided.

C、implied.

D、explained.

参考答案：B

3、The maximum sentence length is ________

A、18 words.

B、20 words.

C、25 words.

D、15 words.

参考答案：C

4、References should be ________

A、explained.

B、presented.

C、implied.

D、avoided.

参考答案：D

Quiz for Unit 3

1、By effective reading of scientific abstracts, you cannot ______

A、understand the structure of a scientific paper

B、obtain the key information

C、decide whether to read the paper further

D、get the numerical data and statistical results

参考答案：D

2、When composing a scientific abstract, you should be very careful about language use and style, including the correct use of words, tenses, sentence patterns, terminologies and other aspects. Read the following sentences from abstracts, identify the one using correct language.

A、I examined the use of deep neural networks (DNNs) in the context of photo editing.

B、More than a decade of research has supported a robust consensus: Acute stress impairs memory retrieval.

C、The same value is used at the same program point as much as 80% of the time.

D、According to author et al. (2010), there is a significant relationship between X and Y.

参考答案：B

3、Descriptive abstracts usually include information as follows:

A、the problem studied

B、the results or inclusions of a study

C、the methods used to study it

D、recommendations

参考答案：AC

4、In a Scientific abstract, the past simple tense of verbs is used when _________________________________.

A、the background or the problem of the present study is stated

B、the methodology or materials of the present research is described

C、results and findings are presented

D、conclusions and applications are stated

参考答案：BC

5、Under the abstract comes the Keywords section. The words or terms in this section are used to ________ .

A、facilitate keyword index searches

B、demonstrate the significance of a study

C、assign papers to review committees or editors

D、state the way a study is conducted

参考答案：AC

6、An effective scientific abstract should be well-structured and is expected to____________________________.

A、introduce the background of the study

B、explain the methods

C、describe the results

D、give the conclusion

参考答案：ABCD

7、Both descriptive abstracts and informative abstracts present the information of the original work in an objective and neutral tone.

参考答案：正确

8、A good scientific abstract includes all the key information of the original work.

参考答案：正确

9、Technical jargons, colloquialisms and details can be used in Scientific abstract.

参考答案：错误

10、People should avoid using words or terms in the title as keywords.

参考答案：错误

11、“This motivated us to explore the use of DNNs in the context of photo editing.” is an acceptable sentence in a scientific abstract.

参考答案：错误

12、A good scientific abstract should be well-organized. The several sections it consists are arranged sequentially: introduction, method(s), result(s) and conclusions.

参考答案：正确

13、To demonstrate the potential of this new approach, two filler geometrics ___________ (use): sandglass and cheese segment. (在判断该句在摘要的哪部分内容中出现的基础上，填入所给动词的适当形式)

参考答案：were used

14、This paper____________ (investigate) a new strategy for radio resource allocation applying a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme. (在判断该句在摘要的哪部分内容中出现的基础上，填入所给动词的适当形式)

参考答案：investigates

Assignment for Unit 3

1、When composing a scientific abstract, you should be very careful about language use and style, including the correct use of words, tenses, sentence patterns, terminologies and other aspects. Read the following sentences from abstracts, identify any incorrect use of language and make suitable revisions. 1) This paper discusses/examines three issues. The first issue is X. The second and third issues are Y and Z. 2) Introduced status for optical fiber communication at first. Then described some enabling technologies of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). 3) I examined the use of deep neural networks (DNNs) in the context of photo editing. 4) According to Author et al. (2010), there is a significant relationship between X and Y. 5) This motivated us to explore the use of DNNs in the context of photo editing. Please identify the possible problems in the sentences above, and then try to offer revisions for each of them.

参考答案：1) Problem: Use as few words as possible to make the abstract concise. Revision: This paper discusses X, Y and Z.2) Problem: Don't use incomplete sentences. Revision: This paper begins with an introduction to the current status of optical fiber communication, followed by a presentation of some enabling technologies of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM).3) Problem: Avoid using the first person “I” whenever possible. Revision: The study examined the use of…In the study, the use of…was examined.4) Problem: Don't use a reference in the abstract. Revison: (It has been recognized that) There is a significant relationship between X and Y.5) Problem: On first reference, the full form should be used followed by the acronym in brackets. Thereafter the acronym can be used. Revision: This motivated us to explore the use of deep neural networks (DNNs) in the context of photo editing.

Unit 4 The introduction

Understanding an academic instroduction随堂测验

1、The introduction aims to ________

A、lead readers from a general subject to a particular field.

B、show how the study was undertaken.

C、explain the contributions of the researchers.

D、interpret the data implications.

参考答案：A

2、Which of the following will NOT appear in Introduction?

A、The tables and the figures.

B、The explanation for the subject importance.

C、The background information of the subject.

D、The specific questions the author trying to answer.

参考答案：A

3、What does a well-organized Introduction include?

A、The statement of the problem.

B、Earlier studies about the problem and research gaps.

C、A new approach to be adopted.

D、All the above.

参考答案：D

Effective reading of scientific introductions随堂测验

1、What questions can help understand the study background?

A、What earlier studies of this topic are there?

B、What are the weaknesses of the existing study?

C、What areas remain to be explored?

D、All the above.

参考答案：D

2、Which is NOT to evaluate the study importance?

A、What is the research gap?

B、In what theoretical ways is the research significant?

C、In what practical ways is the research significant?

D、Why is it necessary to conduct the research?

参考答案：A

3、Which is NOT to explain the new approach?

A、The author’s perspectives.

B、The weaknesses of the earlier approach.

C、The reasons for the author to use the approach.

D、The advantages of the approach.

参考答案：B

4、The paper organization is outlined_________

A、in the middle of the introduction.

B、at the beginning of the introduction.

C、at the end of the introduction.

D、none of the above.

参考答案：C

Creating an effective academic Introduction随堂测验

1、Which is NOT to inform readers about the study?

A、Sketch out the study background.

B、Review the most pertinent literature.

C、Present the numerical data.

D、State the objectives and purposes of the study.

参考答案：C

2、How to convince readers of the study importance?

A、Highlight the importance of the study.

B、State how the current research tackles the gap.

C、State the advances the current research may generate.

D、All the above.

参考答案：D

3、Which will NOT appear in Introduction?

A、To state briefly the methodology.

B、To interpret the data implication.

C、To indicate the potential outcomes.

D、To outline the paper structure.

参考答案：B

Strategies for writing an academic Introduction随堂测验

1、What is suggested to orient the reader?

A、To review the general background information.

B、To interpret briefly the research limitations.

C、To review briefly the pertinent literature.

D、To present selectively the important findings.

参考答案：C

2、How to present the research problem clearly?

A、Present the research gaps.

B、Explain how the problems relate to existing studies.

C、Interpret the significance of the study problem.

D、Explain the significance to tackle the problems.

参考答案：B

3、The essential part of the Introduction should be________

A、the explanation of the significance of the study.

B、the interpretation of the numerical data.

C、the statement of the study limitations.

D、the statement of the research objectives.

参考答案：D

'Don'ts' in writing academic introductions随堂测验

1、Which don’t is NOT mentioned?

A、Don’t include too much in literature review.

B、Don’t omit the most pertinent literature review.

C、Don’t make too humble or conservative claims.

D、Don’t use vague terminology.

参考答案：C

2、Imprecision and confusion are often caused by _________

A、general discussion.

B、vague terminology.

C、ambitious interpretation.

D、clear terminology.

参考答案：B

3、Arguments should be presented _________

A、in a brief but informative way.

B、in a logical and informative way.

C、in a simple and clear way.

D、in a simple but logical way.

参考答案：C

4、Which of the following statement is CORRECT?

A、Abbreviations are recommended for its space saving.

B、Specialized terms are avoided for its ambiguity.

C、Abbreviations aren’t used before they are defined.

D、Leave room for criticism of the study limitation.

参考答案：C

Quiz for Unit 4

1、Read the following expression chosen from academic introductions, and identify what part of an introduction it refers to：However, little work has been undertaken on the behavior of O/W emulsions under extreme pressure conditions.

A、Problems with existing studies

B、Background of the study

C、Existing studies on the problem

D、Research contents

参考答案：A

2、Read the following expression chosen from academic introductions, and identify what part of an introduction it refers to：The increasing pollution of ground water resources by nitrites due to the anthropogenic activities from agriculture is receiving worldwide attention.

A、Background of the study

B、Significance of the study of that problem

C、Description of the skeleton of the research

D、Existing studies on the problem

参考答案：A

3、Read the following expression chosen from academic introductions, and identify what part of an introduction it refers to：The current research aims to demonstrate that a moral incentive presented in terms of ideals rather than obligations stimulates more favorable attitudes among advantaged group members toward social equality issues, including affirmative action.

A、Description of the skeleton of the research

B、Significance of the study of that problem

C、Background of the study

D、Research objectives

参考答案：D

4、Read the following expression chosen from academic introductions, and identify what part of an introduction it refers to：The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: Section II gives a general description of NOMA with SIC. Then Section III details the proposed iterative method for spectrum optimization. Simulation results are given in Section IV, and Section V concludes the paper.

A、Problems with existing studies

B、Description of the skeleton of the research

C、Existing studies on the problem

D、Research contents

参考答案：B

5、Read the following expression chosen from academic introductions, and identify what part of an introduction it refers to：Therefore, it is of great importance to accurately monitor nitrite for public health, and food industries.

A、Problems with existing studies

B、Description of the skeleton of the research

C、Research gaps

D、Significance of the study of that problem

参考答案：D

6、Bertran et al. (2005) ______other disadvantages like code bloating and maintainability problems

A、described

B、claimed

C、argued

D、proposed

参考答案：A

7、Shi, Johansson, and Hong (2013)_____the consensus point within the non-empty intersection of different convex sets

A、argued

B、computed

C、debated

D、handled

参考答案：B

8、Morgan (2010)_____a residual CD monitoring method by using amplitude ratio of asynchronous delay-tap sampling plot

A、described

B、presented

C、dealt with

D、demonstrated

参考答案：D

9、问题10 单选（1分） Furthermore, as ______(observe) in several studies, the features of the heat transfer affect the frost structure.

A、observe

B、observed

C、observing

D、been observed

参考答案：B

10、问题11 单选（1分） Smith argued (2000) that the wool industry _______(be) experiencing difficulties related to falling demand.

A、were

B、is

C、was

D、has been

参考答案：C

11、问题 12 多选 （2分） There are mainly three different citation styles and they are ________

A、information prominent

B、time prominent

C、author prominent

D、weak author prominent

参考答案：ACD

12、问题13 多选 （2分） Which sentences state the research purpose or main activity?

A、The experiments were designed to assess...

B、In this study, we used... as a study system to better understand the effects of...

C、Our study revealed ...

D、Few studies have been done on...

参考答案：AB

13、14 多选 （2分） Which sentences state the conclusion of the research?

A、The experiment data showed that...

B、These findings indicate that there is significant interaction between...

C、From such results it might be concluded that...

D、The research has contributed to the present understanding of ...

参考答案：BCD

14、15题 多选 （2分） Which are gender-neutral nouns?

A、police officer

B、first-year student

C、firefighter

D、mail worker

参考答案：ABCD

15、A well-written Introduction usually follows a clear logic. It often begins with the general background, followed by gaps in the research, specific questions addressed in the paper, and new approaches adopted, and ends with the research objectives of the study. Reorganize the different parts of the following Introduction. （请按照你的排序，直接输入大写字母，字母之间没有空格或标点符号） A. Growing interest in WPCs has been established by increasing numbers of publications including research papers, text books, review articles and patents. The competitiveness, performance and appropriateness of wood fibers employed as reinforcements in WPCs have been explored by considering the roles of surface modifications and fiber properties on the mechanical, thermal, and physical properties of WPCs. B. However, a review of the available literature indicates that an insightful understanding of how the properties of wood fibres, surface modification, polymer matrix and compounding technique influence the interface and functional properties of WPCs has not been gained. C. Finally, the implications of the findings of this study for the development of design and materials selection criteria for fabricating WPC parts are discussed in an attempt to ensure an efficient sustainable materials and process management practice. D. Research on wood polymer composites (WPCs) is attracting wider attention because stringent government environmental regulations are compelling industries employing inorganic fillers as reinforcements in polymer composites to search for less expensive, renewable and biodegradable alternative materials. E. In an attempt to increase the competitiveness of WPCs for industrial applications, the present work identifies and elucidates various factors influencing their functional performance by analyzing the associated interfacial bonding mechanisms and the functional properties. （请按照你的排序，直接输入大写字母，字母之间没有空格或标点符号，如：ABCE）

参考答案：DABEC

Assignment for Unit 4

1、请根据提示，在下面短文中的空格上填入合适的单词或单词的正确形式。 Propagule pressure is widely 1(_______________) (recognize) as an important factor that influences invasion success (MacDonald et al. 1989; Simberloff 1989; Williamson 1996; Lonsdale 1999; Cassey et al. 2005). Previous studies 2(_______________) (suggest) that the probability of a successful invasion increases with the number of propagules released (Panetta & Randall 1994; Williamson 1989; Grevstad 1999), with the number of introduction attempts (Veltman et al. 1996), with introduction rate (Drake et al. 2005), and with proximity to existing populations of invaders (Bossenbroek et al. 2001). 3(_____________) (填入一个连词) , propagule pressure may influence invasion dynamics after establishment by affecting the capacity of non-native species to adapt to their new environment (Ahlroth et al. 2003; Travis et al. 2005). Although a successful invasion clearly requires both establishment and spread of the invader, most studies 4(_______________) (look at) just one of these processes (Melbourne et al. 2007). Despite its acknowledged importance, propagule pressure has rarely been manipulated experimentally and the interaction of propagule pressure with other processes that regulate invasion success is not well 5(_____________) (understand) (D’Antonio et al. 2001; Lockwood et al. 2005).

参考答案：Propagule pressure is widely 1(__recognized__) as an important factor that influences invasion success (MacDonald et al. 1989; Simberloff 1989; Williamson 1996; Lonsdale 1999; Cassey et al. 2005). Previous studies 2(__suggest __) that the probability of a successful invasion increases with the number of propagules released (Panetta & Randall 1994; Williamson 1989; Grevstad 1999), with the number of introduction attempts (Veltman et al. 1996), with introduction rate (Drake et al. 2005), and with proximity to existing populations of invaders (Bossenbroek et al. 2001). 3 (__Moreover__), propagule pressure may influence invasion dynamics after establishment by affecting the capacity of non-native species to adapt to their new environment (Ahlroth et al. 2003; Travis et al. 2005). Although a successful invasion clearly requires both establishment and spread of the invader, most studies 4(__have looked at __) just one of these processes (Melbourne et al. 2007). Despite its acknowledged importance, propagule pressure has rarely been manipulated experimentally and the interaction of propagule pressure with other processes that regulate invasion success is not well 5(__understood __) (D’Antonio et al. 2001; Lockwood et al. 2005).

Unit 5 The materials and methods

Reading about the materials and methods随堂测验

1、The Materials and Methods section aims to show________

A、how the research wa

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