Here are a few tips to make your research, work and activities talk about you:
下面是六条建议，指导你如何在PS里描述自己的工作经历、活动经历、科研经历等：
(1) Modify the motivation to your work, research and activities. Answer some of these: why did you choose to do what you did? what was your goal for yourself in this activity?
回顾你工作，研究和活动的动机。自己回答诸如此类的问题：为什么你当初要做这个？在这个活动中你给自己设定的目标是什么？
(2) Include the connection between your motivation and your methods. For example, how did you do a better job than expected?
在你的动机和方法直接建立联系。比如说，你如何做的比预计的更好？
(3)Do not talk about truths that your admissions readers will already know, such as the importance of hard work, or the impending global warming catastrophe. Talk about things only you know: your motivations and your very specific insights.
不要在你的申请信里谈论已经知道的真理，例如努力工作的重要性或者迫在眉睫的全球变暖等问题。谈论只有你知道的事：你的动机以及你具体独到的见解。
(4)Modify the “why they should care” section. If you have realized something, take it one step further: talk about your outlook on the future. For example, I have once written that living in Russia and US has made me both optimistic and focused on the spiritual.
思考“为什么他们应该在意”的部分。如果你真的有所觉悟，那就再进一步谈论你对于未来的观念。比方说，我曾经这样写过，既在俄罗斯生活过，也在美国生活过，这使得我一方面积极乐观，一方面注重精神层面的东西。
(5) The reader can draw many conclusions about you from your experiences. Tell them the right ones, don’t make them think too hard.
读者会从你的经历中得出很多方面的结论。直接告诉他们你要传达的东西，别让他们太费心来思考。
(6) In the “what you did” and “insights” sections, keep only noteworthy or surprising things. You can distinguish them by asking yourself: how many people besides me could write this? That number should be small.
在“你做了什么”和“观点见解”部分，只留下值得关注和让人眼前一亮的东西。你可以问自己这样的问题好把这些闪光点给筛选出来：除了我以外还有多少人会这样写？（这个数量应该很小才对）
关于研究计划（reserach proposal）
在陈述中，关键是要清楚地向你的听众传达重要信息。让他们获得启发、惊喜并反思。以下八个要点将告诉你如何展示你的研究，里面包含了我的个人工作事例和一些注意事项。
(1, 2, 3)Describe the motivation for your research. What is the hole in the world that you were trying to fix? What is the best work done on this problem? What is the gap in this field that you are working in? Here is an example from my Masters thesis: “Solar cells employing pentacene could reach 44% efficiency, but fall short in reality due to limited energy transport.”
描述你的研究动机。你想解决什么问题？前人有什么研究成果？你正致力于这个领域的哪个研究缺口？下面是摘自我硕士论文的例子：“使用并五苯的太阳能电池能达到44%能效，而在现实中却因有限的能量运输无法达到这一水平。”
(4, 5) What was your particular idea to improve the current situation? What did you do? Do this on a high level. Here is mine: “We measured the transport of energy with spectroscopy in thin films and crystals of pentacene” In this, only the crystals part was a novel improvement, but the films were necessary for benchmarking.
你有什么独到见解能改善当前的研究现状？你做过什么？以更高的水准来做这件事情。以下是我的例子：“我们用光谱学测量能量在薄膜和并五苯晶体中的传输情况。其中只有晶体部分是个新颖的突破，而薄层的数据是必要的基准。”
(6) What did you see? This must be unambiguous and clear. Here is mine: “The length scales were NN and NNN nanometers”
你观察到了什么？描述需清楚明白，不可模棱两可。我的例子：“长度级别为NN和NNN纳米。”
(7, 8) What does all this mean? Why should the audience care? Here, you are returning to the big global picture. Here is mine: “Thin films will never make efficient solar cells, but crystals might.”
这些意都味着什么？为什么别人会关注？你需从纵观全局的角度进行阐述。我的例子：“薄膜将永远不能使太阳能电池获得能效，但是晶体却可以。”
Additionally, highlight exciting and meaningful results from your work, or particular tricks you employed to get the result. Here is mine: “we observed an unexpected annihilation process. It should not happen based on current theory, so current theory is wrong.”
除此之外，强调你的令人振奋的并有意义的研究成果，或者是你用于取得成果的特殊诀窍。我的例子：“我们观察到了一个超乎预期的粒子湮没过程。基于现有理论，它不可能发生。因此，现有理论是错误的。”
Write briefly, precisely, and without ambiguity. Next post, we will modify this formula for the personal statement and statement of purpose.
不管是写PS还是Research Proposal，文字内容需精简、准确、毫无歧义，Less is more。
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