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浙江工商大学2020年考研真题：211 翻译硕士英语
适用专业：英语笔译 055101、英语口译 055102
Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Structure (30分)(60 minutes )
Section A: Multiple Choice (每小题0.5分，共20分)
Directions: There are 40 sentences in this section. Complete them by choosing the best from the four alternatives. Write your answer on the Answer sheet.
1. The _______ cycle of life and death is a subject of interest to scientists and philosophers alike.
A. incompatible
B. exceeding
C. instantaneous
D. eternal
2. The damage to my car was _______ in the accident, but I have a lingering fear even today.
A. insufficient
B. ambiguous
C. negligible
D. ignorant
3. The cut in her hand has healed completely, without leaving a _______.
A. defect
B. wound
C. sign
D. scar
4. The medicine _______ his pain but did not cure his illness.
A. activated
B. alleviated
C. mediated
D. deteriorated
5. We've just installed a fan to _____ cooking smells from the kitchen.
A. eject
B. expel
C. exclude
D. exile
6. Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children _______ a violent act previously seen on television.
A. duplicating
B. modifying
C. accelerating
D. stimulating
7. It is important to _______ between the rules of grammar and the conventions of written language.
A. determine
B. identify
C. explore
D. distinguish
8. All the information we have collected in relation to that case_____ very little.
A. adds up to
B. makes up for
C. comes up to
D. puts up with
9. From this unity created by the _______ of artists from various social and geographical backgrounds came a new spirit, which, particularly in densely populated Harlem, was to result in greater group awareness and self-determination.
A. convergence
B. promotion
C. expression
D. influence
10. The plover's most famous stratagem is the broken- wing display, actually a continuum of injury-mimicking behaviors ____ the range from slight disability to near-complete helplessness.
A. developing
B. selecting
C. spanning
D. explaining
11. Y Small, both in format and number of pages, was generally bound simply in board (a form of cardboard), or merely stitched in paper wrappers (a sewn _______ of modem-day paperbacks).
A. format
B. antecedent
C. imitation
D. component
12. The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930. A number of circumstances contributed to the _______ rise of Los Angeles.
A. meteoric
B. famous
C. controversial
D. methodical
13. The _______ winds in the Great Basin are from the west. Warm, moist air from the Pacific Ocean is forced upward as it crosses the Sierra Nevada.
A. prevailing
B. occasional
C. gentle
D. dangerous
14. There are numerous _______ reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains, and the like.
A. unbelievable
B. uncontested
C. unpopular
D. unverified
15. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.
The word "devastated" is closest in meaning to which of following?
A. developing
B. ruined
C. complicated
D. fragile
16. A virus scan is a process performed by your antivirus software to identify and subsequently _____ viruses from your computer.
A. estimate
B. eradicate
C. estrange
D. evaluate
17. Microsoft missed social networks and smart phones because of its _______ with Windows, which remained the biggest revenue source.
A. succession
B. obsession
C. concession
D. possession
18. The economist proposed an _______ theory of inequality which attempts to integrate economic growth and income distribution into a single frame.
A. inadvertent
B. intensive
C. intriguing
D. infectious
19. Earlier this year most investors hoped that Asia's emerging economies could _______ the economic and financial turmoil in the developed world.
A. withstand
B. withhold
C. withdraw
D. wither
20. The foreign government has steadily lost much of its political _______ with a new generation of Nepali politicians .
A. latitude
B. levity
C. literacy
D. leverage
21. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates, _______ was to be expected.
A. that
B. what
C. so
D. as
22. By the time you graduate, we _______ in Britain for one year.
A. will be staying
B. will have stayed
C. would have stayed
D. have stayed
23. John took a bus and headed for home, _______ if his wife would have him back.
A. not to know
B. not known
C. not knowing
D. not having known
24. It's much easier to make friends _____ you have similar interests.
A. who
B. when
C. whom
D. that
25. _______ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
A. How
B. What
C. Why
D. When
26. Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause?
A. We are quite certain that we will get there in time.
B. He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.
C. She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.
D. It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.
27. _______ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.
A. Unpopular has as white been
B. White has been as unpopular
C. Unpopular has been as white
D. Unpopular as white has been
28. You should know better than _______ your little sister at home by herself.
A. to leave
B. leaving
C. leave
D. left
29. Darcy made no answer, and seemed desirous _______ changing the subject.
A. for
B. of
C. with
D. from
30. _______ several hypotheses have been advanced for the disappearance of the dinosaur, no conclusive evidence supports any of them.
A. Despite that
B. Although
C. In spite of
D. In spite of the fact
31. Thomas Paine，_______ wrote Common Sense, a pamphlet that identified the American colonies with the cause of liberty.
A. writer of eloquent
B. whose eloquent writing
C. an eloquent writer
D. writing eloquent
32. Natural selection is defined as the process _______ the course of evolution by preserving those traits best adapted for an organism's survival.
A. to which directs
B. of which directs it
C. directs it
D. that directs
33. Often very annoying weeds, _______ and act as hosts to many insect pests.
A. that crowd out less hardy plants than goldenrods
B. crowding out less hardy plants by goldenrods
C. the goldenrods crowding out of less hardy plants
D. goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants
34. _______ carries the genes, which determine the hereditary characteristics of the cell or organism.
A. The chromosome
B. The chromosome that
C. Whereas the chromosome
D. There is a chromosome
35. An atom is a basic structural unit of matter, the smallest particle of an element _______ into chemical combination.
A. that can enter
B. can it enter
C. when entering it can
D. that enters can
36. In phrases like go swimming, go shopping or go fishing, the -ing participle is used _______.
A. as a command
B. as a purpose
C. for concession
D. for emphasis
37. Which of the following sentences is an ORDER?
A. It is essential that all the facts be examined first.
B. I want to propose a toast.
C. Take good care of yourself.
D. If only I knew her address.
38. Although he sometimes lost his temper, his students like him _______ for it.
A. not so much
B. not so little
C. no more
D. no less
39. We are not conscious of the extent to _______ work provides the psychological satisfactions that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.
A. which
B. what
C. who
D. that
40. _______ the persons concerned had anything important to say.
A. No one of
B. Nobody of
C. None of
D. No one.
Section B: Error correction (每小题1分，共10分)
Directions: The following passage contains ten errors, with one error in each line. Please proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.
For a wrong word, underline this wrong word and write its correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.
For a missing word, mark its position with a “^” and write this missing word in the blank provided at the end of the line.
Example
When ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an
it buys things in finishing form and hangs them on the wall. (2) finished
Technological change and globalization are the reason why. (41) _______
Technology is shrinking product lifetimes: a few years ago, the maker
of memory chip had three or four years to recover its investment; 18 (42) _______
months are all it has now. Technology is also demolishing the (43) _______
boundaries for industries. Companies that deal in computers and (44) _______
telecommunications are feeling them most acutely. But so are (45) _______
mature industries like cars: General Motors are moving exuberantly into (46) _______
informational processing defense and space electronics. Japanese (47) _______
carmakers also saw much of their business coming from space (48) _______
electronics in 20 years' time, which people like Peruvians will be (49) _______
made the world's cars. (50) _______
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (40 分)(60 minutes)
Section A: Multiple Choice (每小题2分,共30分)
Directions: Read the following three passages and complete the questions after them by choosing the best from the four alternatives. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
Last week Catherine Rampell pointed to a recent Gallup survey indicating that most up-income people still don't realize (or, in some cases, refuse to admit) they' re upper-income. The roll found that just 6% of those in households earning over $250, 000 thought their taxes were “too low", but 30% thought the taxes of "upper-income people" were too low. Obviously, a household taking in $250,000 is earing almost 5 times the median (even in Manhattan, Andrew Gelman notes, median household income is $68,000) and is dearly upper-income by any reasonable standard. This isn't particularly surprising; as Ms Rampell writes, Everyone thinks they' re middle-class partly because of cultural reasons, and also partly because of the way the income distribution is skewed. The greatest income inequality is at the very top. As a result, people who are rich but not the richest- -in the $250,000 zone, say - -see they have more than lots of poor people, but also much less than a few very visibly rich people. Then they conclude they're in the middle, so they must be middle class.
Mr. Gelman adds that most people are just not very statistically adept, on this or many other subjects. I would add an additional source of pernicious distortion. (The median household depicted in popular video games seems to be a single earner inhabiting a medieval fortress or a hyperlight spacecraft, or a self-employed entrepreneur engaged in coke- dealing and serial murder, so I'll leave video games out of the current discussion.)
For example, I am (don't laugh, it's really good) a huge fan of the hour drama "parenthood". The thesis is produced by Jason Katims, who had a big hand in the much-beloved series "Friday Night Lights". One of the triumphs of FNL was its depiction of the domestic spaces inhabited by average kids on a mid-sized Texas town's high-school football team. Characters lived in small, single -story houses with run-down front porches; characters on public assistance or with service-industry jobs lived in multi-level apartments around parking lots. Characters who lived in large McMansions were frankly depicted as rich. The verisimilitude of the living space was a huge boost to the show's effort to present Texan society and ethics in a way that felt affirming and universally sympathetic.
"Parenthood" seems in some ways to be trying to present the ethos and life space of young Northern California families in the same affirming, universally sympathetic fashion. And there are a lot of efforts to bring in a wide range of socioeconomic situations. We've got the divorced mother in her late 30s who moves back in with her parents, the slacker artist buy getting by on minimal income on a houseboat, a kid from the Oakland projects, and so on. But in terms of lived space, the show mostly falls prey to the familiar Hollywood syndrome of unrealistically gorgeous bourgeois set design. And that spills over into the economic underpinnings of plot lines. An interaction early in the first season drove the point home: when the central “everyman" family has to confront their child's autism and is told about a highly sought-after special-needs school with high tuition, they respond: "We don't care what it costs. We'll pay whatever it takes." The viewer thinks: how nice for you, that you can demonstrate your commitment to your child in that fashion! You must be part of the small percentage of American households that can afford to say things like this.
It's hardly news that most popular culture concentrates on the economic elite. The characters in 19th -century English novels chiefly comprise two social classes: aristocrats, and impoverished aristocrats. Still it's a great breath of fresh air when a show comes along . that's willing to show the America most Americans actually inhabit. And if there were more shows among the lines of "Friday Night Lights", we might have more accurate instinctive reference points when people use terms like “ average American households" or "upper- income people".
51. Most people think they are only middle class because of ____.
A. income inequality
B. social conventions
C. personal preference
D. public opinion
52. By citing Catherine Rampell's opinion, the author intends to _______.
A. express sympathy for the middle class
B. exhibit the hypocrisy of the upper-income people
C. explain the division between the haves and the have-nots
D. discuss the reason for high-income people's middle dlass complex
53. The author believes the trend that most people think they are only middle class is partly attributed to _______.
A. unrealistic depictions of TV dramas
B. pressure from the wealthy
C. worries about high taxes
D. influence from real life
54. Which of the following statements about "Friday Night Lights" is true?
A. It is a series of dramas played on stage produced by Jason Katims.
B. Itis a story about poor children in American society.
C. It describes the living environment of average children in America.
D. It intends to show the inequality of American society.
55. Towards "Friday Night Lights", the writer's attitude can be said to be _______
A. opposed
B. approving
C. skeptical
D. indifferent
Passage 2
It's a snowy Saturday in Chicago, but Amy, age 28, needs resort wear for a Caribbean vacation. Five years ago, in 2011, she would have headed straight for the mall. Today she starts shopping from her couch by launching a videoconference with her personal concierge at Danella, the retailer where she bought two outfits the previous month. The concierge recommends several items, superimposing photos of them onto Amy' S avatar. Amy rejects a couple of items immediately, toggles to another browser tab to research customer reviews and prices, finds better deals on several items at another retailer, and orders them. She buys one item from Danella online and then drives to the Danella store near her for the in-stock items she wants to try on.
As Amy enters Danella, a sales associate greets her by name and walks her to a dressing room stocked with her online selections-plus some matching shoes and a cocktail dress. She likes the shoes, so she scans the bar code into her smartphone and finds the same pair for $30 less at another store. The sales associate quickly offers to match the price, and encourages Amy to try. on the dress. Itis daring and expensive, so Amy sends a video to three stylish friends, asking for their opinion. The responses come quickly: three thumbs down. She collects the items she wants, scans an internet site for coupons (saving an additional $73), and checks out with her smartphone.
As she heads for the door, a life-size screen recognizes her and shows a special offer on an irresistible summer -weight top. Amy checks her budget online, smiles, and uses her phone to scan the customized Quick Response code on the screen. The item will be shipped to her home overnight.
This scenario is fictional, but it's neither as futuristic nor as fanciful as you might think. All the technology Amy uses is already available-and within five years, much of it will be ubiquitous. But what seems like a dream come true for the shopper- an abundance of information, near-perfect price transparency, a parade of special deals- is already feeling more like a nightmare for many retailers. Companies such as Tower Records, Circuit City, Linens 'n Things, and Borders are early victims- and there will be more.
Every 50 years or so, retailing undergoes this kind of disruption. A century and a half ago, the growth of big cities and the rise of railroad networks made possible the modern department store. Mass-produced automobiles came along 50 years later, and soon shopping malls lined with specialty retailers were dotting the newly forming suburbs and challenging the city-based department stores. The 1960s and 1970s saw the spread of discount chains- -Walmart, Kmart, and the like- and, soon after, big-box “category killers" such as Circuit City and Home Depot, all of them undermining or transforming the old-style mall. Each wave of change doesn't eliminate what came before it, but it reshapes the landscape and redefines consumer expectations， often beyond recognition. Retailers relying on earlier formats either adapt or die out as the new ones pull volume from their stores and make the remaining volume less profitable.
Like most disruptions, digital retail technology got off to a shaky start. A bevy of inter net-based retailers in the 1990s- Amazon.com, Pets.com, and pretty much everythingelse.com- -embraced what they called online shopping or electronic commerce. These fledgling companies ran wild until a combination of il-conceived strategies, speculative gambles, and a slowing economy burst the dot-com bubble. The ensuing collapse wiped out half of all ecommerce retailers and provoked an abrupt shift from irrational exuberance to economic reality.
Today, however, that economic reality is well established. The research firm Forrester estimates that e-commerce is now approaching $200 billion in revenue in the United States alone and accounts for 9% of total retail sales, up from 5% five years ago. The corresponding figure is about 10% in the United Kingdom, 3% in Asia-Pacific, and 2% in Latin America. Globally, digital retailing is probably headed toward 15% to 20% of total sales, though the proportion will vary significantly by sector. Moreover, much digital retailing is now highly profitable. Amazon's five-year average return on investment, for example, is 17%, whereas traditional discount and department stores average 6.5%.
What we are seeing today is only the beginning. Soon it will be hard even to define e-commerce, let alone measure it. Is it an e-commerce sale if the customer goes to a store, finds that the product is out of stock, and uses an in-store terminal to have another location ship it to her home? What if the customer is shopping in one store, uses his smartphone to find a lower price at another, and then orders it electronically for in-store pickup? How about gifts that are ordered from a website but exchanged at a local store? Experts estimate that digital information already influences about 50% of store sales, and that number is growing rapidly.
56. What advice do Amy's friends give regarding the cocktail dress recommended by the sales associate?
A. To buy it.
B. To bargain with the sales associate over the price.
C. Not to buy it.
D. To find it in another store.
57. Paragraph 4 shows that _______.
A. what Amy experiences won't be truly realized
B. all of the technology Amy uses has been realized
C. the retailers welcome all the technology used in shopping
D. the customers who use the technology in shopping will save a large sum of money
58. According to Paragraph 5, new forms of retailing _______.
A. exert a great influence on the earlier ones
B. defeat the earlier ones
C. absorb the essence of the earlier ones
D. are welcomed by the earlier ones
59. We learn from Paragraph 6 that online shopping in the 1990s _______.
A. witnessed an immature status
B. stably developed
C. underwent a rational stage
D. conformed to the economic reality
60. The author indicates in the last two paragraphs that digital retailing _______.
A. invited constant conflicts with the earlier retailing forms
B. is responsible for the decline of the earlier retailing forms
C. occupies an overwhelming proportion of global total sales
D. will occupy a bigger market share
Passage 3
As does much else in the universe, education moves in cycles. The 1960s and 1970s saw a swell of interest in teaching styles that were less authoritarian and hierarchical than the traditional watching of a teacher scribbling on a blackboard. Today, tastes have swung back, and it is fashionable to denigrate those alternatives as so much hippy nonsense.
But evidence trumps fashion-at least, it ought to. And a paper just published in Science by Louis Deslauriers and his colleagues at the University of British Columbia suggests that at least one of the newfangled styles is indeed superior to the traditional chalk-and-chalk approach.
Dr Deslauriers' lab rats were a group of 850 undergraduate engineering students taking a compulsory course. The students were split into groups at the start of their course, and for the first 11 weeks all went to traditionally run lectures given by well-regarded and experienced teachers. In the 12th week, one of the groups was switched to a style of teaching known as deliberate practice, which inverts the traditional university model. Class time is spent on problem-solving, discussion and group work, while the absorption of facts and formulae is left for homework. Students were given reading assignments before classes. Once in the classroom they spent their time in small groups, discussing specific problems, with the teacher roaming between groups to offer advice and respond to questions.
At the end of the test week, Dr Deslauriers surveyed the students and gave them a voluntary test (sold as useful exam practice, and marked on a 12-point scale) to see how much they had learned in that week and what they thought of the new teaching method. The results were striking. The traditionally taught group's average score was 41%, compared with 74% for the experimental group- even though the experimental group did not manage to cover all the material it was supposed to, whereas the traditional group did.
According to Dr Deslauriers and his team, their result is the biggest performance boost ever documented in educational research, making the new teaching style more effective even than personal, one-to-one tuition - although measuring the effect immediately after the experiment, rather than waiting for end-of-term exam results (as other research often has), may have inflated the number somewhat. The results are especially impressive given that the deliberate-practice method was applied by teachers with little prior experience of using it, whereas the traditionally taught students had the benefit of a seasoned lecturer with a long record of good ratings from pupils.
One frequent criticism of these sorts of studies concerns something called the Hawthorne effect, an idea which emerged from post-war work on productivity. This is that change of any sort will boost people's performance simply because of the novelty value it offers. But the exact nature of the Hawthorne effect, and even whether it exists at all, is controversial. Moreover, if it is real, it would be unlikely to apply in this case, because it is supposed to occur mainly among people doing routine jobs, for whom any change in working practices is welcome. That is not a description of a typical undergraduate's life.
A more serious objection is that the study's participants may be an atypical group. The sort of people who study engineering may react better (or， indeed, worse) to the deliberate-practice method than, say, those reading fine art or history.
Sill, Dr Deslauriers and his team are bullish about the wider implications of their work, which adds to the evidence that it may be possible to improve on the long-established chalk-and-chalk method. And the students seemed to enjoy the experience, too. Attendance in the experimental group rose by 20% over the course of the week that deliberate practice was used, and three-quarters of its members said that they would have learned more had the entire course been taught in the same way. In this case, then, the educational hippies may have been right.
61. By saying “education moves in cycles" in Paragraph 1, the author means that _______.
A. education advances or lags alternately
B. education develops irregularly
C. people's opinions on education vary considerably
D. people have different tastes about education in different times
62. The results of the survey demonstrate that _______.
A. students in experimental group have higher IQ
B. alternative teaching style prove to be better
C. traditional teaching style should be abandoned
D. learning materials have little effect on test scores
63. Which of the following statement is NOT true about the Hawthorne effect?
A. Some researchers use the Hawthorne effect to negate the experimental results gained from Dr Deslauriers' survey.
B. According to the Hawthorne effect, the improvement of people's performance is mainly achieved by introducing new approaches.
C. The Hawthorne effect can be widely applied in any academic research.
D. The applicability of the Hawthorne effect is questionable.
64. According to the survey results, deliberate practice is a teaching style that _______.
A. works well in improving students' scores
B. is welcomed by most university teachers
C. thoroughly overturns people's opinion of teaching
D. can mobilize students' initiative in their study
65. According to the author, the educational hippy nonsense is _______.
A. absurd
B. rubbish
C. reasonable
D. holy
Section B: Short Answer Questions (每小题5分，共10分)
Directions: Below are two questions concerning the passages you have just read. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.
66. How does Amy save money on shopping according to the fictional scenario by the author in Passage 2? Summarize it in your own language.
67. What role does the teacher play in the deliberate-practice classroom in Passage 3?
Ⅲ. Writing (30分) (60 minutes)
Directions: Write on the Answer Sheet a composition of about 400 words around the following topic: "As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and more mysterious". Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. You are required to write a title. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
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