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专题 04 主谓一致知识贯通主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。对于主谓一致的考查，主要集中在单项选择、完形填空、汉译英及其它类型的填空题中。在学习过程中，要掌握主谓一致的基本用法及常见搭配。主谓一致的三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。考向一：主谓一致的三个原则1. 意义一致意义一致就是根据句子主语的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数。如：Maths is difficult for us. 数学对我们来说很难。The police are trying to search for the thief on the hill. 警察们正在山上尽力搜查小偷。2. 语法一致语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如：My bike is under the tree. 我的自行车在树下。These books are old. 这些书是旧的。3. 就近原则就近原则即当主语被某些连词(短语)连接时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的词保持一致。Either my father or brother is coming. 我父亲来，要不然就是我弟弟来。Not only you but also they are good students. 不仅你是好学生，而且他们也是好学生。【知识归纳】含义 例句语法一致 指的是主语为单数形式时，谓语动词使用单数形式，主语如果为复数形式，那么谓语动词也使用复数形式。 Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。意义一致 又称为概念一致原则，指的是谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达单复数意义，而不取决于表面上的语法联系。 My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。就近一致 又称为近邻一致原则，指的是主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词的单复数形式应与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致。 Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。考向二：并列结构作主语由and或both... and连接两个名词、代词作主语，表示不同的人或事物时，句子的谓语用复数。John and Mike are good friends. 约翰和迈克是好朋友。Both bread and milk are good for you. 面包和牛奶对你都有好处。【注意】and连接的两个名词作主语，在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing. 那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来重庆。考向三：＂名词+介词短语＂作主语名词或代词后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。考向四：不定代词作主语1. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。2. 当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。Is everybody here today 今天大家都到了吗？Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。考向五：There be和Here be的就近原则There be和Here be 结构后面接并列名词时，谓语动词be均应与最近的名词在数上保持一致。There is a pen，a pencil，a knife and three books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔，一支铅笔，一把刀和三本书。Here are some flowers and a card. 这里有一些花和一张卡片。考向六：特殊名词作主语1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。(国名)Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)2. ＂the+形容词＂作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。3. 以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理对我来讲很难学。The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。4. 单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有10只绵羊在吃草。【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。考向七：表数量概念的词或短语作主语1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就过去了。Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就够了。100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很长的路。2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。3. ＂many a/more than one+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。4. ＂one and a half+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。5. the rest of... 短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。6. ＂none of+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没有狗。7. ＂a number of+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂the number of+名词复数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。A number of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 这所学校的学生数量已达到2 000多人。8. ＂a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的时间。Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。考向八：动名词、不定式和从句作主语动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。【辨析】其他情况 例句and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常使用复数；但是and连接的并列主语指同一人、同一物时，谓语使用单数。 The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)＂单数名词或代词+名词或代词+but/besides/except/including/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名词或代词作主语，谓语使用单数形式，如果之前的名词或代词是复数，则谓语使用复数。 Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike, like his brother，enjoys playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。＂the number of+复数名词＂作主语谓语用单数; ＂a(good/large) number of+复数名词＂作主语，谓语动词用复数。 The number of the students is over eight hundred. 学生人数超过八百。 A number of teachers are present today，and the number of them is 500. 许多教师今天都出席了，有500人。由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，如chopsticks，glasses，shoes，socks，stockings, trousers, boots等。若此类名词被＂a kind of/a pair of’’修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard. 剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。 A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天，眼镜的售价很高。当not only... but also...，not... but...，or，either... or….，neither... nor...等连接并列主语时，以及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式采用就近一致原则。 Neither Jack and I have seen this film.杰克和我都没有看过这部电影 Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。某些集体名词，如class, club, family, team, group等，作主语时，谓语动词采用意义一致原则，即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。 The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.这家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。 The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在这张相片里，全家人正在庆祝感恩节。【知识拓展】 如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词使用单数形式，如果这一类词指的是具体成员，则谓语动词应该使用复数形式。真题盘点1. ______ a clock on the desk. It wakes me up every day.A. There areB. There beC. There is【答案】C【解析】考查there be句型。句意：在我的课桌上有一个钟表。它每天把我叫醒。“there be……”表“有……”；后面的名词为单数或不可数名词用is；若为复数则用are。该句中的a clock为单数，故选C。2. —Excuse me. Is there a bank near here —______. It’s just between my house and a post off ice.A. Yes, it isB. No, there isn’tC. Yes, there is【答案】C【解析】考查there be句型用法。句意：——劳驾，这附近有银行吗？——有。它在我家和邮局之间。由答语可推知：用there be句型的肯定回答形式，Is there… 的肯定回答是：Yes, there is。故选C。3.— Did your father use to ______ to work —Yes, but now he likes using public transportation. He is used to ______ the bus.A. drive; takingB. driving; takingC. driving; take【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：—你爸爸过去常常开车去上班吗？—是的，但是现在他喜欢用公交，他习惯坐公交车了。used to do sth.过去常常做某事，be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事。分析句子可知，第一个空指的是你爸爸过去常常开车，第二个空指的是他现在习惯坐公交。故选A。4. Both Mike and I ______ ready for the new high school life.A. be B. am C. is. D. are【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：Mike和我都在为新的高中生活而准备。both… and…连接两个主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。故选D。5.The number of the elderly(老人)______ increasing in China, and with the development of China economy, they ______better care of in the future.A. is; will takeB. are; are takenC. is; will be takenD. are; will take【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致和被动语态。The number of表示“……的数量”，跟复数名词连用作主语时，中心词是number，谓语动词要用单数。第二个空提到在将来他们被照顾得更好，因此，用将来时被动语态，故选C。—The number of tourists______ over 33 million this year.—Yes. A large number of tourists ______so far because of the new look of our city.A.is, have comeB.is, has comeC.are, has comeD.are, have come【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：—今年游客的数量已经达到三千三百多万人。—是的。因为我们城市的新面孔，到目前为止，大量的游客已经到来。固定用法：the number of 意为“……的数量”，作主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式；a large number of 意为“许多的；大量的”，后跟可数名词复数+动词原形。根据句意可知：第一个空格用单数is；第二个空格用have come。故选A。—Have you watched the TV play “In the Name of People”(人民的名义)？—It’s the most popular play ______ our Party’s trying to struggle against corr uption(反对腐败).A.where showB.which showC.that showsD.who shows【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句及主谓一致。句意：——你看过《人民的名义》这部电视剧吗？——它反映了我们党努力反对腐败，是一部最受欢迎的电视剧。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，空格前play为物，关系代词应用that/which，故排除A、D项，且play为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故选C。8. —I’m Daisy, not Jessie.—Sorry, I have difficulty______ people’s name.A. rememberingB. rememberC. to rememberD. remembered【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：—我是黛西，不是杰西。—对不起，我很难记住人的名字。have difficulty（in）doing sth. 意为“做某事有困难”，是固定搭配。故选A。9. Not only children but also my husband ______ crazy about the movie Operation Red Sea(《红海行动》).A. is B. are C. am D. be【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：不仅孩子们而且我的丈夫都狂热于电影《红海行动》。表示“狂热于”，应用be crazy about；其次not only … but also …充当句子的主语遵循“就近原则”，该题my husband表示三单。故选A。10. Our city is cleaner than it ______ be.A. is used toB. used toC. uses to D. is used【答案】B【解析】考查固定用法。句意：我们的城市比以前更干净了。used to do sth.过去常常做某事。故选B。11. — How many ______ doctors are there in your hospital, David？— ______ them ______ over one hundred.A. woman; The number of: isB. women; A number of; areC. woman ; A number of; isD. women: The number of; is【答案】D【解析】考查名词作定语和主谓一致。第一个空作定语修饰doctors。man，woman等名词作定语时，要与后面的名词在数上保持一致，可首先排除A、C两项;由疑问词how many 可知答语应为医生的数量，“the number of+可数名词的复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故选A。能力拓展1．There ______a basketball match between class one and class three this afternoon.A．is going to beB．will haveC．are going to beD．is going to have.【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：今天下午在一班和三班之间有一场篮球赛。此题考查there be 句型的一般将来时。表示有，客观存在，there不和have在一块使用，根据句意，应选A。2．—Would you like some juice or coffee —Either______ OK. I really don’t care.A．is B．are C．was【答案】A【解析】句意“-你想要果汁还是咖啡？-都可以，我不在意”。根据either可知，空处用单数，排除B；且根据句意可知，用一般现在时，故选A。3．—You’re in a hurry. Where are you g oing —To the cinema. Sue ______for me outside.A．waits B．waitedC．is waiting D．was waiting【答案】C【解析】句意：—你匆匆忙忙的，要去哪里呀？—去万达广场。苏正在外面等着我呢。考查时态辨析。根据语意句子是现在进行时态。故答案选C。4．—Excuse me. Is there a bank near here —No, ______. But you can find one in Yang Fang Road.A．there isn't B．it isn't C．they aren'tD．there is【答案】A【解析】句意：—劳驾，请问附近有银行吗？—没有。但你可以去阳坊路，那里有一家。根据下文的答语“But you can find one in Yang Fang Road.”知是否定回答，排除D5．______ students in our class going to the summer camp in Beijing next week.A．Two fifths; isB．Second fifths; are C．Second fifths; isD．Two fifths; are【答案】D【解析】句意：我们班五分之二的学生打算下周去北京参加夏令营。表达分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，因此五分之二的表达应该是two fifths，排除B,C；分数后面的名词为复数名词students，根据主谓一致的原则，只能用are，故答案选D。【点睛】本题考查的知识点有分数的表达和主谓一致，一般情况下，表示分数时，分子要用基数词，分母要用序数词，如果分子大于1，表示分母的序数词要用复数形式，如：two thirds 三分之二。由“分数或百分数名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：60% of the students in our class are girls.我们班60的学生是女生。Two thirds of the apple is red.这个苹果的三分之二是红色的。6．一There______ a book sale in our school.Would you like to have a look with me？一Sure.I'd love to.A．is B．have C．are【答案】A【解析】句意：—我们学校有卖书的活动，你愿意和我一起去看看吗？—当然。我很乐意。本题考查there be结构，表示某地有某物；而have是指某人有某物，空前面是There，因此考查的是there be结构，排除B；再由a book sale是单数名词，因此be 动词用is。故选A。7．Not only Jack but also I ______crazy about the football match.A．am B．is C．are D．be【答案】A【解析】句意：不仅杰克，我也为足球赛着迷。A. am是，主语是I；B. is是，主语是单数；C. are 是，主语是复数；D. be原形。not only...but also…表示不仅……而且……；其遵循就近一致的原则，所以谓语动词需跟 I 保持一致，这里用 am，根据题意，故选A。【点睛】not only … but also 连接两个主语时,要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致.Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan./ Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.8．There______a coffee shop at the corner of the street． The coffee there tastes nice．A．is B．are C．has D．have【答案】A【解析】句意：街角有一家咖啡店，那里的咖啡味道很好。本题考查There be句型，先排除C和D，主语是a coffee shop 是单数形式，故be动词要用is。故选A。9．Dad, this phone is ringing, I guess either you or Mum______ on the phone.A．want B．are wantedC．wants D．is wanted【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：我猜电话或者是找你的或者是找妈妈的。主语you or Mum是want的承受者，故句子用被动语态；either … or …连接并列主语，谓语动词根据就近原则故用is，故选D。---Have you heard about that car accident near the school ---Yes,luckily no one______.A．hurt B．was hurt C．has hurt D．were hurt【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：---你听说过学校附近的车祸吗？---是的，幸运的是，没有一个人受伤。hurt伤害，no one与hurt是被动关系，no one动词用单数，故选B .11．—I can’t decide which shirt to choose.—______ the blue one ______ the white one is OK. They look nice on you.A．Both, andB．Either, orC．Neither, nor【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：---我还没有决定选择哪件衬衣。---这件蓝色或白色的都可以。它们穿在你身上都很好看。此题考查反连词，A两者都；B或者……或者；C两者都不。根据句意，故选B。12．--Xining, Summer Resort（夏都）, has friendly people and ______ weather.-- Yes. I hope ______ more tourists coming here to enjoy their cool summer.A．a pleasant; there will beB．pleasant; there will hayC．a pleasant; there will haveD．pleasant; there will be【答案】D【解析】句意：-西宁，夏都，有友好的人民和宜人的天气。-是的，我希望有