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复旦大学2021年翻译硕士MTI考研翻译基础真题及答案(自译版)

Bonnefoy,Lefevere,Roscommon 这些人名都是什么鬼,看到就头大好吗

观近两三年复旦翻硕真题有感,英译汉的难度明显上去了。尤其是20和21连续两年都考了诗歌,20年的诗歌和我们生活的时代和国家的关系,21年的诗歌翻译,风格都非常阳春白雪,对学术和翻译学研究不感兴趣的宝宝可能会有些怕怕。然鹅,我之前就说过,要像揣摩圣意去揣摩命题老师的心思,连续两年考这方面内容,说明他的研究方向和兴趣点很有可能就是翻译诗学、诗歌可不可译上,明年会不会再考呢?很难说。【20年的翻译真题和译文我早就整理好了https://weibo.com/ttarticle/p/show?id=2309404605725241376963#_0(不是我译的,是我网上找的名家版本,因为没法复制只能长截图,用电脑打开才能看。英译汉原文及译文获取方式:关注公众号“上岸英语”并发送“2020复旦英译汉”即可获取)】

今天给大家的译文是我自己翻译的版本。在做21年最新英译汉真题的过程中,我的感受是:生词不多,但是读起来特别绕,尤其是偏学术理论方面,比较艰深,真是心疼考场上的宝宝们,在那么短的时间内想要翻译得通顺也不容易。学术类文本翻译要还原的风格就是,不能太文,也不能太白,可以晦涩拗口,但肯定不能像机翻。意思出来就行了,不必再去想这句话本身是什么意思。就跟我们平时读中文理论书的感觉是一样的。

有宝宝可能会问:我本科不是学翻译的/对翻译理论一窍不通岂不是死翘翘了?莫慌,我也是跨考生,做下来感觉是不会影响读懂原文,但是略知一二翻译理论可能会帮助加深理解。这个段子的核心是谈论诗歌不是不可译的,而是译者的一种再创作和创造性移植。个别词如“remake,reflower,relive”还要好好推敲下。另外考场上的时间分配要注意,千万不要在个别不会的上面卡住,不会的就模糊处理或者猜一猜,放弃也是一种学问。建议想考复旦的宝宝们一定要自己定时练习一遍,然后在对照我的译文修改反思,看看你与名校的差距在哪里。

原文(系我全文手打下来的,同学们且看且珍惜):

Bonnefoy suggests that a work has to be compelling,or it is not translatable. Pound would certainly have agreed with this. For if translation is, as Lefevere and others claim, rewriting, then the relationship between writer and rewriter has to be established as productive. Translations of poems are part of a process of reading continuity. Writers create for readers, and the power of reader to remake the text is fundamental.

 

Different readers will produce different readings, different translators will always produce different translations. What matters in the translation of poetry is that the translator should be so drawn into the poem that he or she then seeks to transpose it creatively, through the pleasure generated by the reading. If we follow Bonnefoy's view, he would point out that none of the translators of Dante appear to have relived the act that gave rise to it and remains enmeshed in it; rather, they appear to have taken the source as a monolithic whole and chipped away at it. Justifying his own approach to translation, Bonnefoy talks about releasing a creative energy that can then be utilised by the translator.

 

The positive imagery of translation as energy-releasing, as freeing the linguistic sign into circulation, as transplanting, as reflowering in an enabling language is a long way removed from the negativity of Frost and the pundits of untranslatability. A great deal of this imagery has been around a long time, but it is only recently, as post-modernists reject the idea of the monolithic text, that a discourse of translation as liberating has come to the fore.

 

The boundaries between source and target texts, never clearly determined in any genre, cannot be sustained if a poem is to have an existence as a poem in another language. Perhaps the most succinct comment on the symbiosis between writer and translator/rewriter of a poem are these lines by the Earl of Roscommon, Dillon of Wentworth, composed more than three hundred years ago:

 

Then seek a Poet who your way does bend,

And choose an Author as you choose a Friend:

United by this sympathetic Bond,

You grow familiar, intimate and fond;

Your Thoughts, your Words, your Styles, your Souls agree

No Longer his Interpreter, but he.

 

When the rewriter is perfectly fused with the source, a poem is translated. That this happens so frequently is a cause for celebration. Poetry is not what is lost in translation, it is rather what we gain through translation and translators.

 

一定要自己动手先练习一遍再看答案哦

 译文(已经尽量做到通顺,但缺憾在所难免,欢迎考过的同学找我交流指正):

博纳富瓦认为文学作品必须引人入胜,否则就不可译。庞德一定会同意这一观点。如果翻译像勒弗菲尔等人所声称的那样,是一种重写,那么原作者和重写者之间的关系必须是卓有成效的。诗歌翻译是阅读连续性这一过程的一部分。作者为读者而创作,而对读者而言最基本的能力是重构文本的能力。

 

不同的读者会有不同的解读,而不同的译者提供的译文也各不相同。诗歌翻译最重要的是译者要为他所翻译的诗歌所深深吸引,从而试图通过阅读所产生的乐趣将这首诗创造性地移植。如果我们采纳博纳富瓦的观点,他会指出没有一位翻译但丁作品的译者是看上去重新体验了创作的过程并且被作品所深深羁绊的,他们似乎只是将原文本视作一个庞大的整体,然后对其庖丁解牛式的分解蚕食。为了自证他独有的翻译方法,博纳富瓦谈到要释放一种创造性的能量为译者所用。

 

翻译的积极意象,即能量释放,即让语言符号自由流通,抑或是移植,或是在另一种语言环境里重新焕发生机,与弗罗斯特和不可译论学者的消极态度背道而驰。这种积极意象由来已久,但直到最近,随着后现代主义者驳斥整体文本论,作为解放的翻译话语才进入大众视野。

 

源文本和目标文本的分界线在任何一种文体中都从未明确界定过,但如果一首诗要转换成另一种语言中的一首诗,这种分界线就难以维系。也许关于诗歌原作者和译者/重写者之间共生关系最简明扼要的评论是罗斯康芒伯爵三百多年前写下的诗句:

 

选择一位你为之倾倒的诗人

像择友一样去慎重选择作者

同感的纽带维系着彼此

你们会变得熟悉、亲密、友爱

你们的思想、言语、风格、灵魂都契合无比

你不再是他的译者,而是他本人

 

当重写者完美融入进源文本中后,才能翻译出一首诗。值得庆贺的是这种情况并不少见。诗歌不是通过翻译会流失的东西,而是我们通过译文和译者能重新得到的东西。

最后放一个小bonus:“the Earl of Roscommon”罗斯康芒伯爵整的大家很懵,我也是,在网上搜索是看到一个挺有用的对西方一些翻译名人的简介,中英对照的,这种好东西善良的我怎么能不与大家分享呢?请移步我在小马家的satellite princess号,发送“西方翻译名人”即可获取哦。

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