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Part B

Directions:

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41 -45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

[A] Eye fixactions are brief

[B] Too much eye contact is instinetively felt to be rude

[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal

[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact

[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated

[F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers

[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.

In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate tums toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here 's what hard science reveals about eye contact:

41. ________________

We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back . This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence,a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.

42.________

Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.

43.________

With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance OF intimidation in adversarial situations. Whether you're a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep 'in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.

44.________

When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.

45.________

In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ-" A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.

41.答案：C. Eye contact can be a friendly social signal

解析：本段第三句说了，“can be a complimentary significant of paying attention”，此外本段最后一句也说：眼神接触和微笑能signal availability and confidence发送可用性和自信的信号。都说明眼神接触是个友善的社交信号。 因此选C。

42.答案：E

解析：本段第一句就出现了hormone 荷尔蒙，此外，本段中出现的oxytocin催产素，hign-functioning高官能，autistic spectrum symptoms自闭症谱系症状等词都说明是在聊生物因素。最后一句中还有explore探索，brain scanning 脑部扫描。所以选E

43. 答案：G

解析：本段第一句就说了eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages，depending on the situation眼神接触根据不同情况会发出不同的讯息。下一句主干说在不利环境中，会与dominance支配or intimidation恫吓有关联。因此G为正确答案。

44.答案：A

解析 ：本段第一句就提到了time，第二句清楚地说到了These pauses typically occur at about three per second，通常每秒三次，充分说明很快，所以选A。

45. 答案：D

解析：第一句话中就有personality。在引用中转折之后，but their brain reactions also differ人们脑部反应不同，最后一句话更加明确说到高负能量的人更觉得被人直视令人不舒服。因此选D。

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