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02

英译汉-第一篇

原文出处：出自国际劳工组织官网

https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_734454/lang--en/index.htm

According to a new International Labour Organization (ILO) report, unemployment is projected to increase by around 2.5 million in 2020. Global unemployment has been roughly stable for the last nine years but slowing global economic growth means that, as the global labour force increases, not enough new jobs are being generated to absorb new entrants to the labour market. Almost half a billion people are working fewer paid hours than they would like or lack adequate access to paid work.

“For millions of ordinary people, it’s increasingly difficult to build better lives through work,” said ILO Director-General Guy Ryder. “Persisting and substantial work-related inequalities and exclusion are preventing them from finding decent work and better futures. That’s an extremely serious finding that has profound and worrying implications for social cohesion.”

The mismatch between labour supply and demand extends beyond unemployment into broader labour underutilization. In addition to the global number of unemployed (188 million), 165 million people don’t have enough paid work and 120 million have either given up actively searching for work or otherwise lack access to the labour market. In total, more than 470 million people worldwide are affected.

At the global level, income inequality is higher than previously thought, especially in developing countries. Worldwide, the share of national income going to labour (rather than to other factors of production) declined substantially between 2004 and 2017, from 54 per cent to 51 per cent, with this economically significant fall being most pronounced in Europe, Central Asia and the Americas.

Moderate or extreme working poverty is expected to edge up in 2020-21 in developing countries, increasing the obstacles to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 1 on eradicating poverty everywhere by 2030. Currently working poverty (defined as earning less than US$3.20 per day in purchasing power parity terms) affects more than 630 million workers, or one in five of the global working population.

Other significant inequalities – defined by gender, age and geographic location - remain stubborn features of current labour markets, the report shows, limiting both individual opportunities and general economic growth. In particular, a staggering 267 million young people (aged 15-24) are not in employment, education or training, and many more endure substandard working conditions.

The report cautions that intensifying trade restrictions and protectionism could have a significant impact on employment, both directly and indirectly.

Looking at economic growth, it finds that the current pace and form of growth is hampering efforts to reduce poverty and improve working conditions in low-income countries. The WESO recommends that the type of growth needs to shift to encourage higher-value added activities, through structural transformation, technological upgrading and diversification.

“Labour underutilization and poor-quality jobs mean our economies and societies are missing out on the potential benefits of a huge pool of human talent,” said the report’s lead author, Stefan Kühn. “We will only find a sustainable, inclusive path of development if we tackle these kinds of labour market inequalities and gaps in access to decent work.”

英译汉-第二篇

出处：

https://www.coursehero.com/tutors-problems/English/26151048-A-metaphor-is-a-poetic-device-that-deals-with-comparison-It-compares/

A metaphor is a poetic device that deals with comparison. It compares similar qualities of two dissimilar objects. With a simple metaphor, one object becomes the other: Love is a rose. Although this does not sound like a particularly rich image, a metaphor can communicate so much about a particular image that poets use them more than any other type of figurative language. The reason for this is that poets compose their poetry to express what they are experiencing emotionally at that moment. Consequently, what the poet imagines love to be may or may not be our perception of love. Therefore, the poet's job is to enable us to experience it, to feel it the same way that the poet does.

We should be able to nod in agreement and say, "Yes, that's it! I understand precisely where this person is coming from." Let's analyze this remarkably unsophisticated metaphor concerning love and the rose to see what it offers. Because the poet uses a comparison with a rose, first we must examine the characteristics of that flower. A rose is spectacular in its beauty, its petals are velvety soft, and its aroma is soothing and pleasing. It's possible to say that a rose is actually a veritable feast to the senses: the visual, the tactile, and the aural [more commonly known as the senses of sight, touch, and sound]. The rose's appearance seems to border on perfection, each petal seemingly symmetrical in form. Isn't this the way one's love should be? A loved one should be a delight to one's senses and seem perfect.

However, there is another dimension added to the comparison by using a rose. Roses have thorns. This is the comprehensive image the poet wants to communicate; otherwise, a daisy or a mum would have been presented to the audience as the ultimate representation of love—but the poet didn't, instead conveying the idea that roses can be treacherous. So can love, the metaphor tells us. When one reaches out with absolute trust to touch the object of his or her affection, ouch, a thorn can cause great harm! "Be careful," the metaphor admonishes: Love is a feast to the senses, but it can overwhelm us, and it can also hurt us. It can prick us and cause acute suffering. This is the poet's perception of love—an admonition. What is the point? Just this: It took almost 14 sentences to clarify what a simple metaphor communicates in only five words! That is the artistry and the joy of the simple metaphor.

汉译英-第一篇

出处：

https://m.sohu.com/a/364158980_115362/?pvid=000115_3w_a

译文出处：

https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-01-02/First-China-made-13-valent-pneumonia-vaccine-to-hit-the-market-MVR3v4QTle/index.html

据国家药品监督管理局消息，首批国产肺炎球菌13化合价结合疫苗（Pneumococcal 13-Valent Conjugate Vaccine）已准入市场。肺炎球菌疾病是导致5岁以下儿童发病和死亡的主要病种。此疫苗是中国自主研发生产之首例，位居世界第二。其问世将打破辉瑞在市场上的垄断地位。

The first China-made pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine has been approved for market use, according to the National Medical Products Administration. Pneumococcal disease is a leading cause of illness and death in children under the age of 5. The approved vaccine is the first of its kind independently developed and produced in China and the second in the world. The new drug will break the monopoly Pfizer has held in the market.

肺炎球菌是引起侵袭性疾病、肺炎和上呼吸道感染的主要原因。严重的肺炎球菌疾病还可能导致耳聋、瘫痪、智力低下等严重后遗症。世卫组织将儿童肺炎球菌疾病列为疫苗接种的重中之重，并建议使用肺炎球菌13化合价结合疫苗。

Pneumococcus is the main cause of invasive disease, pneumonia and upper respiratory tract infection. Severe pneumococcal diseases can also lead to deafness, paralysis, intellectual disability and other serious sequelae. WHO lists pneumococcal disease in children as a high priority for vaccination and recommends pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccines.

国产肺炎球菌13化合价结合疫苗是云南沃森生物技术有限公司生产的。此前，只有辉瑞一家公司生产肺炎球菌结合疫苗。自2010年批准以来，该公司一直在不受挑战的市场中独领风。

The China-made pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine was produced by Walvax Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Currently, only Pfizer Inc. produces pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and has dominated the market unchallenged since its approval in 2010.

辉瑞13价肺炎结合疫苗在我国批准用于6周龄至5月龄婴幼儿，超过6个月的婴儿不可接种，而获准的国产13价肺炎结合疫苗年龄跨度更大，6周龄至5岁（6周岁生日前）儿童都可接种。

Pfizer's 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine is approved in China for infants between 6 weeks to 5 months of age. Infants over 6 months cannot be vaccinated. The approved China-made pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine has a wider age range and can be administrated for children from 6 weeks to 5 years old.

国产疫苗还具有价格优势。在一些接种点，四剂价格接近3000元。沃森公司官员表示，新产品的价格不会超过辉瑞公司。

China-made vaccines also have a price advantage. At some vaccination sites, the price of the vaccine is nearly 3,000 yuan for all four doses. Walvax officials said the new products will not cost more than Pfizer's.

汉译英-第二篇

日益严重的土地荒漠化不仅导致了生态环境恶化，还降低了资源的质量和数量，影响工农业生产和人民生活，对民族团结和社会安定造成了严重影响，它已成为制约中国中西地区特别是西北地区经济社会发展的重要因素。

在中国，土地荒漠化的后果是：加剧人地矛盾，缩小人类生存空间。中国每年新増人口约1400万，沙化土地年均増加3436平方公里，耕地面积逐年减少，人地矛盾日益突出。大约2.4万村庄、乡镇遭受土地荒漠化，一些村庄、县城被迫多次搬迁。

其次，加剧自然灾害的频率和程度，恶化生态环境，破坏人类生存条件。土地荒漠化是导致中国近期沙尘暴频发、荒漠化地区生物多样性骤减、风蚀及黄河中下游旱涝灾害频繁的主要原因之一。荒漠化地区的植被急剧减少，许多物种濒危。荒漠化加剧生态环境恶化，水土流失越来越严重，中国每年输入黄河的16亿吨泥沙中，就有12亿吨来自荒漠化地区。

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