2018年考研英语一试题与答案解析(完整版)

——跨考教育英语教研室

Directions：

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition _____(1) many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your _____(2)in the wrong place often carries a high _____(3).

_____(4), why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. _____(5) people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that _____(6) pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to _____(7) with one another. Swiss Scientists have found that exposure _____(8) this hormone puts us in a trusting _____(9): In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their _____(10) who inhaled something else.

_____(11) for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may _____(12) us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate _____(13) a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each _____(14) to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What's in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look _____ (15). Half of them found a toy; the other half _____ (16)the container was empty-and realized the tester had _____(17) them.

Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were _____ (18) to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. _____ (19), only five of the 30 children paired with the "_____(20)"tester participated in a follow-up activity.

1. A．on        B．like        C．for         D．from

2. A．faith       B．concernC．attentionD．interest

3. A．benefitB．debtC．hopeD．price

4. A．ThereforeB．ThenC．InsteadD．Again

5. A．UntilB．UnlessC．Although D．When

6. A．selectsB．producesC．appliesD．maintains

7. A．consultB．competeC．connectD．compare

8. A．atB．byC．of D．to

9. A．contextB．moodC．periodD．circle

10. A．counterpartsB．substitutesC．colleaguesD．supporters

11. A．FunnyB．LuckyC．OddD．Ironic

12. A．monitorB．protectC．surpriseD．delight

13. A．betweenB．withinC．towardD．over

14. A．transferredB．addedC．introducedD．entrusted

15. A．outB．backC．aroundD．inside

16. A．discoveredB．provedC．insistedD．remembered

17. A．betrayedB．wrongedC．fooledD．mocked

18. A．forcedB．willingC．hesitantD．entitled

19. A．In contrastB．As a resultC．On the wholeD．For instance

20. A．inflexibleB．incapableC．unreliableD．unsuitable

1.【答案】C

【解析】该题选择的是介词，与后面的many worthwhile things一块做后置定语修饰前面的condition,表明对于许多重要事情来说是一个必要的条件。而A选项from（来自于），C选项like（像）D选项on（关于）均语义不搭。

2.【答案】A

【解析】此处考察语义一致和对上下文辨析的问题。该空是做put的宾语，通过前面的On the one hand, it's a necessary condition _____(1) many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. (一方面,信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等)；on the other hand 可以得知该题仍然是在讲述关于主题 trust的问题，所以只有faith（信任）最合适。而B选项concern（关心，关注），C选项attention（注意），D选项interest（兴趣，利益）均不符题意。

3.【答案】D

【解析】此处考察词义辨析。前文说到putting your _____in the wrong place often carries a high _____（把……放在错误的地方通常会带来巨大的……），可以知道该空肯定也是填贬义，但肯定不能是debt债务这种具体含义，所以只能选price，并且carries a high price也指付出高昂的代价。

4.【答案】B

【解析】此题考察上下文逻辑关系。上一段分析的是信任的利弊，该段所指内容_____, why do we trust at all? （我们为什么会要信任？）所以采用了递进关系，进一步说明信任的具体内容。只有D选项then(然后，那么)最符合语义搭配。而A选项again（再次）表示强调；B选项instead（然而）表转折；而C选项therefore（因此）表结果，均不符合。

5. 【答案】D

【解析】此处再一次考察逻辑关系。该空_____ people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin，a hormone（___人们信任一个人或者一个机构，大脑都会释放一种荷尔蒙）,只有when（当……时）符合上下文语境和逻辑语境。

6. 【答案】B

【解析】该题是考察定语从句的动宾搭配问题。上一句说当人们产生信任感，大脑就会产生一种荷尔蒙，a hormone that _____(6) pleasurable feelings这个that就是定语从句，指这种荷尔蒙能_____令人愉悦的感觉，只能是produce 最符合语境。

7.【答案】C

【解析】考察词义辨析。该空所填为动词，并且要求与之后的with形成搭配。and triggers the herding instruct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to _____with one another. 说明这种荷尔蒙能够引发一种群居本能，这种本能能让羊群聚在一起，and的后面的内容也与前面的flock together同义复现。所以只有connect最符合语境。

8. 【答案】D

【解析】该题考察固定搭配。与exposure to构成固定搭配的关系。表示“接触”

9. 【答案】B

【解析】该题考察上下文语义。上文中说到这种荷尔蒙会给人带来一种愉悦的情绪，通过这个结论，可以得出这种荷尔蒙能让人有让人信任的情绪/心绪。只有mood是最合适的答案。

10.【答案】A

【解析】此处仍然是考察上下文语境。上文中In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; 能从下文得知这也是只本句讲另外一组受试者。conuterparts表示对应物，对应的人。

11.【答案】B

【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。从后文中的also可以看出前后一致的关系。前文对于这种天赋都是褒义的色彩，所以答案此时应该是lucky。

12.【答案】B

【解析】同样也是因为also，说明前后一致关系。只能选择protect.

13.【答案】A

【解析】考察固定搭配。A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate _____ a credible person and a dishonest one. 选则between 意为：14个月大的孩子能在诚实和不诚实的人之间进行区分。

14.【答案】C

【解析】考察搭配。结合原文语境，“Sixty toddlers were each__to adult tester holding a plastic container”选项C“be introduced to sth ”表示“初次认识某物。”符合原文语境。

15.【答案】D

【解析】本题考察借此搭配及词义复现。根据原文“what’s in here?”before looking into the container...Each subject was then invited to ___.” 选项D与前文所表达的in here和looking into相关。因此D为正选。

16.【答案】A

【解析】本题考察词义复现。根据语境“half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty...”这是用分好并列连接的两个句子，属于并列关系。因此，前半句讲一般的受测者在盒子里面找到了玩具，后半句在肯定其他人会怎么说。像个小分局的结构基本一直。因此本题填入的含义应该与found 含义相同。因此，A选项发现为正选。

17.【答案】C

【解析】根据本题语境，此句在破折号后面，是对前面的意思解释说明。前面提到了另一半人发现盒子是空的，并且易世达测试者对他们怎么样。既然盒子是空的，那么肯定认识到测试者是在戏弄他们，所以对此题必须要理解测试者是主语，宾语是Them 指的是受测者。主语的含义决定了谓语的含义为戏弄。因此C选项为正选。

18.【答案】B

【解析】考察搭配。根据句子结构我们可以看出逗号之前是一个介词短语，意为在所有没有被戏弄过的孩子里面，大多数的孩子在习得一种新技能的时候与测试者的合作是如何的。Demonstrating that they trusted his leadership 表明这些孩子信任他的领导。因此，既然信任他们就表示愿意合作。所B选项willing to do 构成固定搭配。

19.【答案】A

【解析】本题考察逻辑关系。根据原文语境“”only five of the 30 children paried with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity.” 通过该句中的only，可以看出与上文的“大多数”形成鲜明对比。因此，本题应该选择转折逻辑关系。A选项为正选。

20.【答案】C

【解析】本题考察词义辨析。根据原文语境；在接下来的活动中，30个孩子中有5个孩子与...样的测试者能合作，所以结合上文提到的大部分孩子信任测试者，但是5/30属于小部分，大部分测试者对应的是信任，而小部分应该对应的是不信任。因此，C选项“不可靠”为正选。