Section ⅠUse of English
Directions:
Readthe following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
Coulda hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helpingyou feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out thathugs can bring a 3 ofhealth benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace mighteven help you 4 getting sick this winter.
Ina recent study 5 over 400 healthy adults, researchers fromCarnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceivedsocial support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developingthe common cold after being 7 tothe virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducingeffects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who feltgreater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .
“Huggingprotects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually
14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professorof psychology at Carnegie. Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”
Someexperts 17 the stress-reducing, health-related benefitsof hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is madeprimarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is releasedinto the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.
1.［A］Besides［B］Unlike［C］Throughout［D］Despite
2.［A］equal［B］restricted［C］connected［D］inferior
3.［A］view［B］host［C］lesson［D］choice
4.［A］avoid［B］forget［C］recall［D］keep
5.［A］collecting［B］affecting［C］guiding［D］involving
6.［A］on［B］in［C］at［D］of
7.［A］devoted［B］attracted［C］lost［D］exposed
8.［A］along［B］across［C］down［D］out
9.［A］imagined［B］denied［C］doubted［D］calculated
10.［A］served［B］restored［C］explained［D］required
11.［A］Thus［B］Still［C］Rather［D］Even
12.［A］defeats［B］symptoms［C］errors［D］tests
13.［A］highlighted［B］increased［C］controlled［D］minimized
14.［A］presented［B］equipped［C］associated［D］compared
15.［A］assess［B］generate［C］moderate［D］record
16.［A］in the name of［B］in the form of［C］inthe face of［D］in the way of
17.［A］attribute［B］commit［C］transfer［D］return
18.［A］unless［B］because［C］though［D］until
19.［A］remains［B］emerges［C］vanishes［D］decreases
20.［A］experiences［B］combines［C］justifies［D］influences
【答案】1—5 ACBAD 6—10ADCDC 11—15 DBBCB 16—20 CABAD
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
Part A
Directions:
Readthe following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,Cor D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
First two hours, nowthree hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending peopleshow up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports withincreasingly massive security lines.
Americans are willing to toleratetime-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash ofEgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the MediterraneanSea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of airtravelers or providing too little security in return undermines public supportfor the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economicand private lives, not to mention infuriating.
Last year, theTransportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check thatundercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — pastairport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures sincethen, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy andlow oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago'sO'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airlinesecurity has become — but the lines are obvious.
Part of the issue isthat the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, sothe TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue isthat airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may bethat more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoidchecked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.
There is one step theTSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be awin-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check areeligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus ontravelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants toenroll 25 million people in PreCheck.
It has not gottenanywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers mustpay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since thebeginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reformsmight bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doingso directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in otherways.
The TSA cannotcontinue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of thetraveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make theprogram work.
21.The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to_________.
[A]explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.
[B]stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.
[C]highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.
[D]emphasize the importance of privacy protection.
22.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?
[A]New restrictions on carry-on bags.
[B]The declining efficiency of the TSA.
[C]An increase in the number of travellers.
[D]Frequent unexpected secret checks.
23.The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to_________.
[A]quieter.
[B]cheaper.
[C]wider.
[D]faster.
24. One problem with the PreCheck program is_________.
[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.
[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.
[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.
[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.
25. Which of the following would be thebest titlefor the text?
[A] Less Screening for More Safety.
[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution.
[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines.
[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes.
【答案】21—25 CCADC
Text 2
“The ancientHawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigningmonarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members ofHawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), agiant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.
At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, adormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the pikothat connects theHawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of theworld's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peakrises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allowtelescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.
Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewedtheir presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of theoccupation of what was once a sovereign nation.
Some blame for thecurrent controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build biggertelescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding theworld. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragileecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is nota relic of the past； it is a livingculture undergoing a renaissance today.
Yet science has acultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. Thesame curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought earlyPolynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore theheavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future developmentthere ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek toanswer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we aregoing. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering aprimal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.
The astronomycommunity is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT sitewas chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and toavoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number oftelescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimesand their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyonecannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to studythe stars.
26.Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates_________.
[A]her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.
[B]the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.
[C]theregrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.
[D]her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.
27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to_________.
[A]its geographical features.
[B]its protective surroundings.
[C]its religious implications.
[D]its existing infrastructure.
28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because_________.
[A]it may risk ruining their intellectual life.
[B]it reminds them of a humiliating history.
[C]their culture will lose a chance of revival.
[D]they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.
29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy_________.
[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.
[B]helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.
[C]may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.
[D]will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.
30.The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of_________.
[A]severe criticism.
[B]passive acceptance.
[C]slight hesitancy.
[D]full approval.
【答案】26—30 ABBAD 来源：文都教育
2017考研英语（二）真题及答案（完整版）