2022年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二）试卷
(课程代码 00015)
本试卷共 8页。满分 100 分，考试时间 150 分钟。
选择题区
第一部分：阅读判断(第1一10 题，每题 分，共10分）（难度中等）
下面的短文后列出了 10 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
Lacking in Self-Esteem(自尊)? Good for you!
According to psychological and educational theories self-esteem is essential for a successful life Generations of children, ①especially minority kids have been educated according to the theory that they lack self-esteem, and that this deficiency is central to any problems they may have in making their way in the world.
Well, guess what? ②A new research has found that self-esteem can be just as high among grade D students and drunk drivers as it is among Nobel Prize winners and former presidents. ④In fact, people with high self-esteem can engage in far more anti-social behavior than those with low self-esteem. We used to believe that high self-esteem would cause all sorts of positive consequences and that if we raised self-esteem, people would do better in life,” a researcher said. “Mostly the data have failed to support that. ⑤"Racists, street thugs (恶棍) and school bullies(恶霸) all have high scores on the self-esteem tests. And you can see why. ⑥If you think you’re highly gifted, you’re particularly offended if other people don’t treat you that way. So, you hit out or commit crimes to defend your pride. After all, who are they to suggest that you could be doing something wrong? What do they know?
Self-esteem can also be an educational concern. ⑧College teachers are constantly complaining about the high self-esteem of their students. ⑨When every grade in the school is assessed so as to make the kid feel good rather than to give an accurate measure of his work, the kid can develop self-esteem dangerously unrelated to the truth. ⑩When he's told he is getting a C grade in college, he can then get deeply offended or extremely angry Weak professors give in to the pressure-hence grade inflation which results in their students' vague touch with reality.
It is believed that minority kids often have self-esteem problem.
A.True B. False C.Not Given
A new research shows that high self-esteem is essential to success.
A.True B.False C. Not Given
Parents are responsible for their children’s self-esteem.
A.True B.False C. Not Given
Anti-social behavior is related to low self-esteem.
A.True B. False C. Not Given
Racists have low self-esteem.
A.True B. False C. Not Given
People with high self-esteem are hurt more easily.
A.True B.False C.Not Given
College students are faced with high economic pressure.
A.True B. False C. Not Given
College teachers are often annoyed with students’ high self-esteem
A.True B. False C. Not Given
High grades help students know the truth of themselves.
A.True B. False C. Not Given
Some college students may find a C grade offending
A.True B. False C.Not Given
第二部分：阅读选择(第 11-15 题，每题2分，共10分）（难度易）
阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。
Organic Farming
During thousands of years of huma civilization, the raising of animals and growing of plants have always been organic. Chemicals for farming first came up at the turn of the 20th century. Widespread use of chemicals began after World War II. In the 1950s and 60s farmers started using chemical fertilizers and pesticides (杀虫剂). ①Recently, however, more and more farmers have been returning to organic farming.
In organic farming, farm products are produced in more natural ways. Crops, meat and other food are produced without chemicals. Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and growth hormones(激素) are forbidden. Farmers enrich the soil with natural fertilizers. They pull out weeds by hand. Hay and straw are put between the rows of plants to stop weeding. They rely on the natural enemies of pests to control pests. ②Animals are fed organically and can eat grass outdoors. Cows, for example, are kept in pastures(草场)and fields. Vegetables and fruit are also produced with organic methods.
Organic farming enjoys many advantages. ③For example, crop rotation can preserve the good qualities of soils. The growing of different crops can keep soils healthy and fertile. Organic farming is healthier for farm workers, and there are fewer remains of chemicals in food. ④In the long run, organic farms save energy and protect the environment. It can slow down global warming and reduce the pollution of ground water.
Meanwhile, there are some disadvantages. Organic food is more expensive. Organic products may cost up to 40% more. ⑤Production costs are higher as farmers need more workers, and the land output is much less. Marketing and distribution is not efficient because organic food is provided in smaller amount. Crop illness may happen very often. Besides, organic farming cannot produce enough food for the world’s population to survive. This could lead to starvation in countries that can't produce enough food today.
11. Organic farming _______.
A. started in the 1950s
B. had a short history
C. has become popular in recent years
D. was promoted by World War II
解析：第一段最后一句，越来越多的农夫回到有机耕种，即变得受欢迎。注意D选项promote指的是“促进”，原文虽然提到二战，但是二战只是个用农药的时间点。
12. In organic farming ______.
A. cows can move around in fields
B. natural enemies of pests are scarce
C. chemicals are used to kill pests
D. machines are used to pull out weeds
解析：BCD在原文都可以找到反例，只有A和原文是同义替换。
13. The phrase “crop rotation” (Para. 3) probably means ______.
A. growing high-yielding crops
B. seasonal growing of crops
C. planting soil-enriching crops
D. regular changing of crops
解析：这个单词后一句，种不同蔬菜，进一步解释庄稼轮换的含意。
14. One advantage of organic farming is that it is_______.
A. water-saving
B. labor-saving
C. market-friendly
D. environmentally-friendly（环境友好）
解析：定位倒数第二段，逐句排查，protect the environment：保护环境。
15. The problem of organic farming is _______.
A. poor qualities of soils
B. high production costs
C. the use of too much land
D. the shortage of farm workers
解析：容易选成C或D，但是C、D都和原文说的不是一个意思，原文的C说的是土地产出、D说的是需要