真题是非常重要的学习资料，它能更好地帮助我们巩固所学的知识,大家在备考时候要多做一些真题，这样对真题高频考点有所了解，更有目的做好备战，新东方在线考研小编整理了“宁波大学2021考研初试真题：244英语（二外）”，希望对考生能有帮助。

宁波大学2021考研初试真题：244英语（二外）

Part I Cloze Test (20 points, 1 point each)

Directions: In this part, you are required to read the given passagescarefully, and then fill in each blank with an appropriate word given in thetable. Each word is allowed to be used only once. You should not change theform of the word but you can capitalize the initial letter if the word is usedat the beginning of the sentence. Write your choices on Answer Sheet.

Passage One

what

if

who

why

when

this

that

also

which

while

Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers thinkthey have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not itschemical composition---a finding1 couldhelp rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.

Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so2 creamshould sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsions---tiny globules(小球体) of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. Thedifference lies in3is in the globules and what’s in thesurrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, 4 led the investigation.

In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter,globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria5 makethe food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. “ 6 meansthat in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture,” he says.

7 the situation is reversed, the bacteriaare locked away in compartments (隔仓室) buried deepin the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread andrapidly run out of nutrients(养料). They8 slowlypoison themselves with their waste products. “In butter, you get aself-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing,” says Brocklehurst.

The researchers are already working with food companies keen tosee9 their products can be made resistant tobacterial attack through alterations to the food’s structure. Brocklehurstbelieves it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, forinstance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this10 keepingthe salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.

Passage Two

confidence

involved

insight

increasingly

asset

domestic

variety

accompany

qualifications

benefit

New technology links theworld as never before. Our planet has shrunk. It’s now a “global village” wherecountries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, ofcourse, our ability to 11from this high-tech communications equipmentis greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.

Deeply12 inthis new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growingrespect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets,success overseas often helps support13 businessefforts.

Overseas assignments are becoming 14 important to advancement within executive ranks. The executivestationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out ofmind”. He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to thecompany’s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or15 anassignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignmentoverseas, superiors will have greater16 inhis or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-culturalconsiderations and foreign languages issues are becoming more and moreprevalent（普遍的）.

Thanks to a17 ofrelatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, evensmall businesses in the United States are able to get into internationalmarkets.

English is still theinternational language of business. But there is an ever-growing need forpeople who can speak another language. A second language isn’t generallyrequired to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidatethe edge when other18 appear to be equal.

The employee posted abroadwho speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forwardcertain negotiations, and can have the cultural19 toknow when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office whocan communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machineis an obvious20 to the firm.

Part II Reading Comprehension (30 points)

Section A(10 points, 1 point each)

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with tenstatements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one ofthe paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with aletter. Mark your choice by writing the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet.

The Obesity Epidemic in Community Colleges

A) Life expectancy in theUnited States steadily increased throughout the 20th century. However, for thefirst time in over a century, the rise in the epidemic of obesity with itsassociated effect on health has seen the first decrease in life expectancy. Theassociated effects --- primarily the increase in diabetes, heart disease,stroke and cancer --- have meant that obesity is now second only to smoking asthe major causes of premature death. This amounts to an estimated 325,000deaths directly caused by obesity each year.

B) In addition to beingresponsible, or at least partially responsible for reducing life expectancy,obesity is also responsible for the lowering of the quality of life for thosewho are overweight. Health-wise, this can come in the form of psychiatricconditions---like depression and anxiety disorders---that often stem from thehumiliation and discrimination shown towards obese individuals in socialsituations or when they apply for employment. Studies also show a definite linkbetween obesity and poor academic outcomes in children and adolescence.

C) Obesity can have aprofound impact on the financial situation of not only the overweightindividual, but on employers and health care providers. This financial effectultimately flows through to the whole of society. A person who is of averageweight can expect to earn an income that is significantly more than anoverweight counterpart. In addition, the obese will pay an average of $1, 400per year more for obesity-linked health care and treatments. The combination ofreduced income and increased expenses pushes the obese further down thenet-income ladder and further into the trap of poverty. Employers of obesepeople will pay in the form of reduced productivity, increased absenteeism (旷工) and higher priceddisability insurance. Employers who have experienced these extra expenses willoften be unwilling to employ additional obese employees, therefore, making theobese even less likely to gain employment.

D) In less than a generation,obesity rates of adults in the United States have more than doubled from 15% to34%. However, during the same period, it has more than tripled（增值三倍）from 5% to 17% amongchildren and adolescence. In 2008, a survey conducted in three New York Cityuniversities found that 23% of students were overweight, with 14% classified asobese. There was a noticeably higher proportion of obesity amongAfrican-American men and among students in their final year of study.

E) These figures somewhatconfirm the traditional view of the so-called freshman fifteen. The freshman 15is the perceived 15 pounds of weight gain experienced by students in theirfirst year of university. However, a 2003 study found that it is actuallycloser to a five-pound weight gain. This increase in weight is usually causedby an increase of stress, alcohol, and junk food. Students often overindulge（溺爱，放纵）when they first experiencethe perceived freedom of university and the dorm. This level of weight gaincontinues throughout university if the student's lifestyle remains the same,often resulting in obesity by the end of a four-year course.

F) When comparing 4-yearcolleges (universities) with 2-year colleges (community colleges), a higherproportion of African-American and Hispanic women were found to be obese incommunity colleges. When those surveyed were questioned about their lifestylechoices, it became apparent that female students at community colleges weremore likely to have lower levels of physical activity combined with greaterconsumption of unhealthy foods. However, the figures for obese and overweightmen were almost identical in both universities and community college.

G) There are approximately 4,500 colleges in the USA. About 2, 800 of these are four-year colleges and 1,700are two-year colleges. Over 40% of college undergraduates attend communitycolleges ---amounting to about seven million students. Generally, thesestudents tend to work full-time while attending college part-time. They arealso far more likely to be African-American or Hispanic as well as older,poorer and female---all segments（部分）of society that are prone to obesity.

H) When combined with therising epidemic in childhood and adolescent obesity, community colleges seem tobe facing a serious problem. Researchers believe that the problem will only getworse without both short-term and long-term action. Moreover, many experts andgovernment officials have pointed out that by focusing on reducing obesity incommunity colleges, the results have the potential to have a significant impacton the whole of society. However, in order to implement an effective obesityprevention programme, the first thing that community colleges need to do is toaccept that there is a problem, and acknowledge the complexity of the problem.The administrators at community colleges must also realize that there is noquick fix or simple solution.

I) A wide range of behavioraland environmental factors influence dietary intake（摄入）and physical exercise.Habits, emotions, attitudes and beliefs differ across all cultures. The realityof a student's economic circumstances will often impose significant barriersthat stop them from accessing nutritious food or undertaking any form ofphysical exercise. In addition, a student also lives and functions in a varietyof environmental locations. Their family, fellow students, friends, school,teachers and neighbours all influence their behaviour to varying degrees. Thereis also the issue of implementing programmes sensitively. It is essential thata programme shouldn't further add to the stigma（污名；烙印）and discrimination associated withobesity.

J) Community colleges alreadyprovide courses that teach nurses, dieticians and mental health professionals.They usually provide well-equipped college health centres for students andstaff. They are therefore in a prime position to establish education programmesthat can have far-reaching consequences in health care facilities throughoutthe nation. This would require relatively small changes to the currentcurriculums of these subjects. The college heath centres also offer a method ofproviding educational resources that enable students who may be at risk toprevent obesity. They can also provide assistance and treatment for patientsthat are already obese and overweight College health centres have played amajor role in educating the community about HIV/AIDS, and reducing tobacco,alcohol and illegal drug use in recent years. So, there is no reason why thesame facilities can't be just as successful in reducing the obesity epidemic inthe United States.

1. Obesitycauses psychiatric conditions like depression and anxiety disorders.

2. Obesityaffects the financial situation of the overweight individual, employers andhealth care providers.

3. Expertssuggest that reducing obesity in community colleges will have a significantimpact on the whole.

4. Aboutseven million students attend community colleges.

5. Peoplelived longer and longer in the 20th century.

6. Obesityrates doubled in adults and tripled in children and adolescents.

7. Firstyear students often gain about 15 pounds of weight.

8. Astudent's economic circumstances can stop them from eating nutritious food ordoing physical exercise.

9. Communitycolleges provide health centres for students and staff.

10.Thereis no quick and simple way to reduce obesity.

Section B(20 points, 2 points each)

Directions: There are two passages in this section. Each passage isfollowed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there arefour choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice andwrite down the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet.

Passage One

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

Today’s children areexhausted, and not just because one in three kids is not getting sufficientsleep. Sleep deprivation(缺乏，不足) in kids has been found to significantly decrease academicachievement, lower intelligence test scores, slower physical growth, heightenmoodiness and so on. While the argument for protecting our children’s sleeptime is compelling, there is another kind of rest that is equally beneficial toour children’s academic, emotional, and creative lives: daydreaming.Daydreaming, which looks lazy from the outside, may just be the hiddenwellspring(源泉) of creativity andlearning.

Not all mental downtime (停工休息期) is alike, of course.Downtime spent playing a videogame or watching a television show may have itscharms, but the kind of downtime I am talking about is different. I’m talkingabout the kind of mind-wandering that happens when the brain is free ofinterruption and allowed to get rid of the worries of the day. Television,videogames, and other distractions prevent this kind of mental wanderingbecause they interrupt the flow of thoughts and memories that strengthen thefoundation of positive, productive daydreaming.

In “Ode to PositiveConstructive Daydreaming” --- an article Scott Barry Kaufman co-wrote withRebecca McMillan--- reads:

For the individual, mindwandering offers the possibility of real, personal reward, some immediate, somemore distant. These rewards include self-awareness, goal-driven thought, futureplanning, simulating the perspective of another person, evaluating theimplications of self and others’ emotional reactions, moral reasoning, etc.

In other words,daydreaming only appears lazy from the outside, but viewed from the inside orfrom the perspective of a psychologist, such as Kaufman --- a complicated andextremely productive neurological process is taking place. Viewed from theinside, our children are exploring the only space where they truly haveautonomy（自治权）: their own minds.

11. Kids’________ will be reduced if they do not have enough sleep.

A)interaction with othersB)academic performance

C)attention spanD) children’s daydreaming

12. What can we know about mental downtime accordingto the passage?

A)All things done in downtime are somewhat similar.

B)It happens when the brain can resist interruption.

C)It enables people to relieve them of their daily worries.

D)Many things can be efficiently done in downtime.

13. What can strengthen the foundation of thepositive, productive daydreaming?

A)Playing videogames and watching TV.

B)Neurological consciousness process.

C)Meaningful mental downtime.

D)The flow of thoughts and memories.

14. What is “daydreaming” from the perspective of apsychologist?

A)It is a state in which the brain is free of worries.

B)It is a kind of mental rest not as important as sleep.

C)It is a complex and fruitful neurological process.

D)It is a state of being idle with nothing to do.

15. What’s the main idea of the passage?

A)Daydreaming may be beneficial to kids.

B)People who like daydreaming are lazy.

C)Children should explore their own minds.

D)Children’s inner world deserves more respect.

Passage Two

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.

Kim Parker of the PewResearch website starts her article “Boomerang Generation” with a spot-onquote: “If there’s supposed to be a stigma (耻辱) attached to living with mom and dadthrough one’s late twenties or early thirties, today’s boomerang generation（回巢族）didn’t get that memo.”

Parker is referring to thegrowing trend among recent college graduates to return to the family home insteadof striking out on their own. As many as 36% of American students and graduatesbetween the ages of 18 and 31 still live in the family home. Though many seethis as a way to dodge（躲避）responsibility and avoid growing up, moving back in with momand dad makes good financial sense.

Recent job markets havenot been kind to young people. The unemployment rate is around 15% for the 18to 31 age group. American students are also leaving school with staggeringdebt: over 20,000 dollars on average. And while a degree used to be a guaranteefor work for previous generations, now it’s just the price of entry into thejob market. Add a high cost of living to student loans, and recent graduateswould just be running around in circles.

Living at home gives youngpeople an opportunity to start paying off their debt. It also gives youngpeople the ability to search out a better job, instead of just taking the firstdecent-paying position that comes along. Additionally, part of the reasonbehind fewer positions for young people is that people put off retirement.There’s a decent chance that a twenty-something’s parents are still working,most likely with a higher salary than the young person could expect. About 60%of young people still receive financial support from parents anyway.

So young people in theUnited States are going back to cut costs and contribute to the family. Thereis certainly a long history of this elsewhere. In many cultures---places asdifferent as Italy and China--- adult children continue to live at home untilthey are financially stable enough to leave. Putting off one’s freedom andindependence may not be ideal, but it is better than being saddled with debtfor the rest of one’s life. A few more years with mom and dad are well worththe financial freedom.

16. What is this passage mainly about?

A) The rising cost of auniversity education.

B) The ageing population’shealth-care options.

C) The trend of youngpeople living at home.

D) The effects of therecent recession on the poor.

17. What does Kim Parker mean by her quote?

A) Young people have neverfound it easy to strike out on their own.

B) This generation doesn’tcare about the stigma about living at home.

C) Fewer good jobs meanthat more young people are going to school.

D) Student loans are affectingpeople until well into their thirties.

18. What is different about having a degree nowcompared to earlier generations?

A) It is no longer aguarantee to get work.

B) It is not as expensiveas it once was.

C) It does not take aslong to complete.

D) It is not as easy toget into a university.

19. What reason is given to support parents continuingto support adult children?

A) They are more likely tomake investments.

B) They are happier thanthe next generation.

C) They are likely to bein better health.

D) They are working with ahigher salary.

20. What do Italy and China have in common?

A) Their economies arevery much alike.

B) Their young people stayat home longer.

C) They have similareducation systems.

D) They are bothexperiencing growth.

Part III Translation (30 points)

Section A(15 points, 3 points each)

Directions: In this part you are required to translate the givensentences into Chinese and you should write your translation on Answer Sheet.

1.Asyou learn to balance spending and saving, you will become the captain of yourown ship, steering your life in a successful and productive direction throughthe choppy waters.

2.Inaddition to its application in people’s daily life, minimalism also findsapplication in many creative disciplines, including art, architecture, design,dance, film making, theater, music, fashion, photography and literature.

3.Thesecret of success is based upon a burning inward desire that fuels thedetermination to act, to keep preparing, to keep going even when we are tiredand fail.

4.Whileconflict resolution and peacekeeping continue to be among its primary efforts,the UN, along with its specialized agencies, is also engaged in a wide range ofactivities to improve people’s lives around the world – from disaster relief,through education of women, to peaceful uses of atomic energy.

5.Theadmission of China to the WTO was an enormous multilateral achievement whichmarked a clear commitment toward multilateralism from the Chinese perspective.

Section B (15 points, 3 points each)

Directions: In this part you are required to translate the givensentences into English and you should write your translation on Answer Sheet.

1.毫无疑问，上大学能让年轻人接触新思想，建立新关系，且有助于提高他们的批判性思维能力。

2.人文学科帮助造就全面发展的人，这些人具有洞察力，并理解全人类共有的激情、希望和理想。

3.与自由相伴而来的是照顾自己的责任，因为选择的自由承载了责任，即必须接受自己的选择所带来的后果。

4.环境保护和生态文明建设为中国经济、社会的可持续发展提供了坚实的基础。

5.你们的自我发现之旅和对爱好的追求带给你们的将不仅仅是个人的进步。

Part IV Writing (20 points)

Directions: In this part you are required to write a composition of noless than 160 words on the basis of the following information. Write yourcomposition on Answer Sheet.

According to an official document on digitalreading in 2019, which was released on April 23, about 470 million Chinese readon average nearly 15 digital books each last year. The development of digitaltechnology has greatly changed the way we read books. Which do you prefer, print or digital books?

以上就是新东方在线小编为各位考研的同学整理的“宁波大学2021考研初试真题：244英语（二外）”，希望对各位同学有所帮助，希望大家都可以考出好的成绩。