Computers have seemed “mind-like””to people since they were invented in 1950s.Inthe early days they were widely called “electronic brains” for their ability to processinformation. But the similarity between computers and brains isnt just superficial:At their most fundamental levels, computers and brains process data in a similarbinary fashion. Whereas computers use zeros and ones to store and manipulate data, the neurons in our brains transmit information in binary, on/off spikes known as action potentials. This basic similarity is what underlies the burgeoning field of computational neuroscience, which hopes to understand how neuronal networks give rise to processes like memory and facial recognition so that they might be replicated in intelligent machines.

计算机自20世纪50年代发明以来，对人们来说就像“思维”一样。在早期，它们被广泛称为“电子大脑”，因为它们处理信息的能力。但是计算机和大脑之间的相似之处不仅仅是表面上的：在最基本的层面上，计算机和大脑以类似的二进制方式处理数据。计算机使用0和1来存储和操作数据，而我们大脑中的神经元以二进制、开/关峰值（称为动作电位）传输信息。这种基本的相似之处是计算神经科学新兴领域的基础，该领域希望了解神经元网络如何产生记忆和面部识别等过程，以便它们可以在智能机器中复制。

But artificial intelligence has progressed slower than many had initially hoped.Yes, AI may have solved the game of checkers, but this is a far cry from being able to simulate consciousness. The central problem remains: We have no real understanding of how the brain gives rise to the mind, of how neurons and action potentials create consciousness.

但人工智能的进展比许多人最初希望的要慢。是的，AI可能已经解决了跳棋游戏，但这与能够模拟