从完型填空的命题形式来看,每个空都不是孤立存在的,而是处在一整篇文章的大背景之中的。从这个角度来说,完型文章实际上是由已知信息和未知信息构成。通过相关已知信息提供的线索进行分析总结,结合选项定位出答案,这就是完型解题的基本方法。而相关已知信息一般在上下句之中,而上下句之间往往有明显的逻辑关系,因此熟练把握这种逻辑关系就成为解题的关键所在。
逻辑关系题是完型填空的重要考查点,且容易得分,故成为完型的重要得分点。完型中主要考察的五大逻辑关系为:对立关系、因果关系、并列关系、总分关系和递进关系。
对立关系
包括让步和转折关系,常见的标志词和短语有:but,however,yet,on the contrary,by contrast,unfortunately,although,even though,nevertheless,in spite of,regardless of,anyhow,instead of,rather than,not…but等。
如2000年完型第41题:He must store a large quantity of grain ___ consuming all his grain immediately.[A]other than [B]as well as [C]instead of [D]more than答案:C解析:此处考查的是逻辑关系,需要根据空前和空后来判断。空前“储存了大量粮食”与空后“消耗所有粮食”形成对立关系,选C instead of.
因果关系
常用的标志词和短语有:because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so…that,such…that,in order that,consequently,accordingly,due to,thanks to,in response to,on account of,because of,considering that,seeing that,in that,now that,lest,as a result,for this reason等。
如2004年完型第34题:More families consist of one parent households or two working parents, ___, children are likely to have less supervision at home.[A]contrarily [B]consequently [C]similarly [D]simultaneously答案:B解析:此处考查的是逻辑关系,需要根据空前和空后来判断。空前“